Electronic Dura Mater Meddling in the Central Nervous System

Bloch, Jocelyne; Lacour, Stéphanie; Courtine, Grégoire

doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.5767

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The spinal cord is covered by three protective tissue membranes—the pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater. It is difficult to access the pia mater and arachnoid mater because they consist of very thin and delicate membranes with complex networks, such as blood vessels entering the nervous system 161. Thus, most neural implantable devices for the spinal cord have been placed above or below the outermost dura mater to form an interface with the neural tissue.…”

Section: Injectable Systems For the Spinal Cordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injectable Biomedical Devices for Sensing and Stimulating Internal Body Organs

et al. 2020

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The rapid pace of progress in implantable electronics driven by novel technology has created devices with unconventional designs and features to reduce invasiveness and establish new sensing and stimulating techniques. Among the designs, injectable forms of biomedical electronics are explored for accurate and safe targeting of deep‐seated body organs. Here, the classes of biomedical electronics and tools that have high aspect ratio structures designed to be injected or inserted into internal organs for minimally invasive monitoring and therapy are reviewed. Compared with devices in bulky or planar formats, the long shaft‐like forms of implantable devices are easily placed in the organs with minimized outward protrusions via injection or insertion processes. Adding flexibility to the devices also enables effortless insertions through complex biological cavities, such as the cochlea, and enhances chronic reliability by complying with natural body movements, such as the heartbeat. Diverse types of such injectable implants developed for different organs are reviewed and the electronic, optoelectronic, piezoelectric, and microfluidic devices that enable stimulations and measurements of site‐specific regions in the body are discussed. Noninvasive penetration strategies to deliver the miniscule devices are also considered. Finally, the challenges and future directions associated with deep body biomedical electronics are explained.

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Section: Injectable Systems For the Spinal Cordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injectable Biomedical Devices for Sensing and Stimulating Internal Body Organs

et al. 2020

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“…Mechanical methods of implant optimization aim to improve hardware integration by reducing the foreignbody response to rigid implanted materials. These approaches include bioactive coatings, [40][41][42] alterations in device mechanical characteristics, 4,36,37 and minimal-trauma implantation methods. 43 Coating electrode arrays with substances aims to reduce the tissue response and therefore scarring around the bioelectronic interface.…”

Section: Mechanical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…he intersection of engineering and medicine has the potential to provide new approaches to the treatment of disease. 1 This is evident in the increasing applications of brain-machine interfacing techniques, from movement disorders 2 to psychiatric disease 3 and beyond, and in the applications of neuromodulation to a wide variety of pathologies, 4 including the restoration of function following damage to the nervous system. 5 Existing systems have demonstrated long-term clinical utility, with many patients continuing to benefit from systems such as cochlear implants 6 and deep brain stimulators 7 years after implantation and even long-term recordings using implanted arrays.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 The development of advanced interfacing systems potentially allows stimulation with high selectivity and recording of single-and multiunit activity, permitting modulation of increasingly selective neural populations. 17,18 Improved interfacing also offers stability over time, 4,19 with biocompatible systems shown to consistently record from the same populations, allowing for applications such as epilepsy monitoring and neuroprosthetic development. 17,20 Despite this potential, our ability to create long-term interfaces remains limited by inflammatory reactions at the tissue-electrode interface and a degradation in the quality of the bioelectronic interface over time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing the neuron-electrode interface for chronic bioelectronic interfacing

Keogh¹

2020

Neurosurgical Focus

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Engineering approaches have vast potential to improve the treatment of disease. Brain-machine interfaces have become a well-established means of treating some otherwise medically refractory neurological diseases, and they have shown promise in many more areas. More widespread use of implanted stimulating and recording electrodes for long-term intervention is, however, limited by the difficulty in maintaining a stable interface between implanted electrodes and the local tissue for reliable recording and stimulation.This loss of performance at the neuron-electrode interface is due to a combination of inflammation and glial scar formation in response to the implanted material, as well as electrical factors contributing to a reduction in function over time. An increasing understanding of the factors at play at the neural interface has led to greater focus on the optimization of this neuron-electrode interface in order to maintain long-term implant viability.A wide variety of approaches to improving device interfacing have emerged, targeting the mechanical, electrical, and biological interactions between implanted electrodes and the neural tissue. These approaches are aimed at reducing the initial trauma and long-term tissue reaction through device coatings, optimization of mechanical characteristics for maximal biocompatibility, and implantation techniques. Improved electrode features, optimized stimulation parameters, and novel electrode materials further aim to stabilize the electrical interface, while the integration of biological interventions to reduce inflammation and improve tissue integration has also shown promise.Optimization of the neuron-electrode interface allows the use of long-term, high-resolution stimulation and recording, opening the door to responsive closed-loop systems with highly selective modulation. These new approaches and technologies offer a broad range of options for neural interfacing, representing the possibility of developing specific implant technologies tailor-made to a given task, allowing truly personalized, optimized implant technology for chronic neural interfacing.

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“…16 Polymers used in these substrates can be engineered to match the elastic properties of neural tissue and their flexibility can be tuned to better approximate the curved brain or spinal cord surface. 15,17,18 The ability of these arrays to conform to a surface is due to a physical phenomenon termed "capillarity-induced folding." 19 This phenomenon dictates that the elasticity and thickness of the material or sheet (in this study-ABI array) determine how curved of a surface the array can conform to.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Surface Reconstruction of the Human Cochlear Nucleus: Implications for Auditory Brain Stem Implant Design

et al. 2019

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Objective The auditory brain stem implant (ABI) is a neuroprosthesis placed on the surface of the cochlear nucleus (CN) to provide hearing sensations in children and adults who are not candidates for cochlear implantation. Contemporary ABI arrays are stiff and do not conform to the curved brain stem surface. Recent advancements in microfabrication techniques have enabled the development of flexible surface arrays, but these have only been applied in animal models. Herein, we measure the surface curvature of the human CN and adjoining regions to assist in the design and placement of next-generation conformable clinical ABI arrays. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from ultrahigh T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences and histologic reconstructions based on postmortem adult human brain stem specimens were used. Design This is a retrospective review of radiologic data and postmortem histologic axial sections. Setting This is set at the tertiary referral center. Participants Data were acquired from healthy adults. Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures are principal curvature values (Kmin and Kmax) and global radius of curvature. Results The CN was successfully extracted and rendered as a 3D surface in all cases. Significant curvatures of the CN in both histologic and radiographic reconstructions were found with global radius of curvature ranging from 2.08 to 8.5 mm. In addition, local curvature analysis revealed that the surface is highly complex. Conclusion Detailed rendering of the human CN is feasible using histology and 3D MRI reconstruction and highlights complex surface topography that is not recapitulated by contemporary stiff ABI arrays.

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Electronic Dura Mater Meddling in the Central Nervous System

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Injectable Biomedical Devices for Sensing and Stimulating Internal Body Organs

Injectable Biomedical Devices for Sensing and Stimulating Internal Body Organs

Optimizing the neuron-electrode interface for chronic bioelectronic interfacing

Three-Dimensional Surface Reconstruction of the Human Cochlear Nucleus: Implications for Auditory Brain Stem Implant Design

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