Electronic Devices for Human‐Machine Interfaces

Abstract

Electronic devices that can integrate with soft biological tissue like the surface of a human body have a great potential for applications in health monitoring, safety monitoring, prosthetics, robotics, and even consumer electronics. Enormous progress has been made with respect to materials, device design, and fabrication techniques of human‐machine interfaces systems. Devices that consist of human‐machine interfaces include energy supply devices, logic circuits, sensors, and data storage systems need to be flexible, stretchable, imperceptible, biocompatible and self‐healable. In this article we review the latest technological advances of preparing electronic devices capable for human‐machine interfaces, especially highlighting electronic devices that meet the above‐mentioned needs. Finally, insights into the development of devices for human‐machine interfaces in the future are provided.

Highly Sensitive and Stretchable CNT‐Bridged AgNP Strain Sensor Based on TPU Electrospun Membrane for Human Motion Detection

“…A main diffraction peak can be clearly observed at about 19.9° in XRD spectrum of pure TPUEM, which is consistent with reported literatures . The TPUEM/CNTs showed an additional sharp peak at 2θ = 26.1° along with weak peaks at around 43.2° and 44.6°, which attributed to the (002), (100), and (101) crystalline planes of CNTs . Moreover, the XRD patterns of TPUEM/CNTs/AgNPs depicted another five typical peaks at 2θ = 38.3°, 44.4°, 64.6°, 77.6°, and 81.6° corresponding to the (111), (200), (220), (311), and (222) crystal planes of the face‐centered cubic of Ag NPs, which proved the successful reduction of AgNPs .…”

“…In the past few years, flexible electronics have been extensively studied due to their potential prospects in electronic skin, medical systems, human–machine interfaces, and soft robotics . Especially, the wide application of flexible strain sensor in wearable devices has attracted increasing attention.…”

Using Artificial Skin Devices as Skin Replacements: Insights into Superficial Treatment

“…Subsequently, artificial skin devices of a more permanent and synthetic nature have also been developed, expanding the scope of artificial skins to encompass electrical devices as well . Made possible with the development of flexible devices and advanced sensors, these artificial skin devices, also known as prosthetic skins or electronic skins, have been identified as a major area in the field of artificial skins . Such devices have the advantage of using new mechanisms and highly functional materials which can result in exceptional performance.…”

One‐component waterborne in vivo cross‐linkable polysiloxane coatings for artificial skin

“…Significant efforts in recent years have been made towards the development of the artificial skin (Brohem et al, ; Gholipourmalekabadi et al, ; Han et al, ; Lei & Wu, ; Wang, Chen, Jiang, & Shen, ), in order to mimic the properties of human skin. The artificial skin (Jia et al, ; Liu et al, ; Nachman & Franklin, ; Shimizu & Nonomura, ; Silvera‐Tawil, Rye, & Velonaki, ; Wang et al, ) has broad applications from cosmetics industry, biomedical engineering (Han, Hu, & Jiang, ; Kenry & Lim, ; Li et al, ; Nicoletti et al, ; Parvez et al, ; Yong‐Lae, Bor‐Rong, & Wood, ) and even to wearable electronic devices (Bao, ; Ge et al, ; Sultana et al, ; Wang, Ma, & Hao, ; Xu et al, ). To date, several types of bioengineered skin substitutes have been developed and widely used in the fields of cosmetic, drug‐delivery carriers (Bhowmick et al, ; Blanco, ; Gholipourmalekabadi et al, ; Ma et al, ), and wound dressing (Aoki et al, ; Fan, Yang, Yang, Peng, & Hu, ; Foubert et al, ; Gil, Panilaitis, Bellas, & Kaplan, ).…”