After
ionization of an inner-valence electron of molecules, the
resulting cation-radicals store substantial internal energy which,
if sufficient, can trigger ejection of an additional electron in an
Auger decay usually followed by molecule fragmentation. In the environment,
intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD) and electron-transfer mediated
decay (ETMD) are also operative, resulting in one or two electrons
being ejected from a neighbor, thus preventing the fragmentation of
the initially ionized molecule. These relaxation processes are investigated
theoretically for prototypical heterocycle–water complexes
of imidazole, pyrrole, and pyridine. It is found that the hydrogen-bonding
site of the water molecule critically influences the nature and energetics
of the electronic states involved, opening or closing certain relaxation
processes of the inner-valence ionized system. Our results indicate
that the relaxation mechanisms of biologically relevant systems with
inner-valence vacancies on their carbon atoms can strongly depend
on the presence of the electron-density donating or accepting neighbor,
either water or another biomolecule.