Electronic Cigarettes: Exposure and Use Among Pediatric Populations

Collaco, Joseph M.; McGrath‐Morrow, Sharon A.

doi:10.1089/jamp.2017.1418

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…There are now several hundreds of ENDS products on the market, with a recent study noting that ~ 430 different brands were available in 2017 4 , and this category of tobacco product is projected to become a $61.4 billion business by 2025 5 . Concomitantly, the demographic of ENDS users has shifted towards teens and young adults 6 . There is a growing concern of nicotine addiction among youth and for the use of ENDS to serve as a potential gateway for other tobacco products such as cigarettes 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigalike electronic nicotine delivery systems e-liquids contain variable levels of metals

Neu

Lee

Brandis

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are prefilled, battery-operated products intended to deliver nicotine to the user via an inhaled complex aerosol formed by heating a liquid composed of propylene glycol and glycerol, also referred to as vegetable glycerin and collectively called e-liquid, that contains nicotine and various flavor ingredients. Since their introduction in 2006, the number of ENDS on the market has increased exponentially. Despite their growing ubiquity, the possible health risks associated with ENDS use remain poorly understood. One potential concern is the presence of toxic metals in the e-liquid and aerosol. Herein, we report the evaluation of the metal content in the e-liquids from a series of commercially available cigalike ENDS brands (various flavors) determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) following e-liquid extraction. Each brand of cigalike ENDS was purchased at least three times at retail outlets in the Baltimore, Maryland metropolitan region over a period of six months (September 2017 to February 2018). This allowed for comparison of batch-to-batch variability. Several potentially toxic metals, including lead, chromium, copper, and nickel were detected in the e-liquids. In addition, high variability in metal concentrations within and between brands and flavors was observed . The internal assembled parts of each cartridge were analyzed by X-ray imaging, before dissembling so that the materials used to manufacture each cartridge could be evaluated to determine the metals they contained. Following washing to remove traces of e-liquid, lead, chromium, copper and nickel were all detected in the cigalike ENDS prefilled cartridges, suggesting one potential source for the metals found in the e-liquids. Collectively, these findings can inform further evaluation of product design and manufacturing processes, including quantification of metal concentrations in e-liquids over foreseeable storage times, safeguards against high concentrations of metals in the e-liquid before and after aerosolization (by contact with a metal heating coil), and control over batch-to-batch variability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigalike electronic nicotine delivery systems e-liquids contain variable levels of metals

Neu

Lee

Brandis

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…A recent US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report indicated that aerosols from e-cigarettes may also contain lead, carcinogens, and volatile organic compounds 18 . These compounds can potentially damage lung and neurocognitive development in humans, which is already proven in animal studies 19 . Using e-cigarettes has also been known to worsen asthma symptoms, which is concerning, in particular for youth, due to a recent study showing that 22.5% of asthmatic adults aged ≥18 years reported currently using e-cigarettes 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

E-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Alqahtani,

Alenezi,

Almeshari

et al. 2023

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTION Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is gaining popularity among adults. Monitoring e-cigarette-induced respiratory symptoms is crucial for both clinical and regulatory purposes. We systematically reviewed the current literature to understand the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among exclusive e-cigarette users, dual users, and former smokers. METHODS Databases searched included PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus. We included all English-language, empirical quantitative articles that explored the prevalence of e-cigarette-related respiratory symptoms. Random-effects models were utilized in conducting the meta-analyses. The quality of identified studies was evaluated using the NIH Study Quality Assessment Tools. This study is registered with PROSPERO(#CRD42020165973). RESULTS The literature search identified 1240 references. After removing duplicates and screening for eligibility, 168 studies were included in the final review. The majority of included studies reported a wide range of adverse respiratory symptoms. The respiratory symptoms were prevalent among the exclusive e-cigarette users, dual users, and those who switched from combustible cigarettes to e-cigarettes. Further, out of the RCT studies, 5 were rated as good quality, while 3 were rated as fair. Among the observational studies, 24 were rated as good quality, and 9 were rated as fair. The two experimental studies were both rated as fair quality. CONCLUSIONS Continued monitoring of respiratory symptoms among e-cigarette users is warranted. Due to the heterogeneity and inconsistencies among studies, which limit result interpretation and highlight the need for studies assessing causal inference, further research using robust study designs is essential. This will provide clinicians with comprehensive knowledge about the potential respiratory risks of e-cigarette use.

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“…As regards e-cigarettes potential harmful effects, consideration should be given to acute injuries. A fair amount of reports to poison centers concern children incidentally exposed to e-cig liquids through ingestion (70%), inhalation (15%), ocular (8.5%) and dermal contact (6%) 140 . Nicotine poisoning can result in tachycardia, dizziness and even seizures 141 .…”

Section: Acute Adverse Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-cigarettes and youth: a major Public Health concern

Virgili

Nenna

David

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) and vaping devices started as a potential aid for cessation and reducing the harmful consequences of cigarette smoking, mainly in the adult population. Today e-cigarette use is highly increasing in vulnerable populations, especially young and pregnant women, due to the misconception of its harmless use. Despite the growing acknowledgment in e-cigarette as a potential harmful device, and due to mixed information found concerning its beneficial aid for smokers, along with an insufficient clinical study done in human models, it is important to further evaluate the possible benefits and risks of non-combusting, vaping nicotine or non-nicotine delivery devices. In this review we tried to summarize the latest updated information found in the literature, concentrating mainly in the variety of adverse effects of e-cigarette use and its contribution for recent and future health concerns.

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Electronic Cigarettes: Exposure and Use Among Pediatric Populations

Cited by 7 publications

References 83 publications

Cigalike electronic nicotine delivery systems e-liquids contain variable levels of metals

Cigalike electronic nicotine delivery systems e-liquids contain variable levels of metals

E-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

E-cigarettes and youth: a major Public Health concern

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