Electronic cigarette user plasma nicotine concentration, puff topography, heart rate, and subjective effects: Influence of liquid nicotine concentration and user experience.

Hiler, Marzena; Breland, Alison; Spindle, Tory R.; Maloney, Sarah F.; Lipato, Thokozeni; Karaoghlanian, Nareg; Shihadeh, Alan; Lopez, Alexa A.; Ramôa, Carolina; Eissenberg, Thomas

doi:10.1037/pha0000140

Cited by 118 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…For example, by not keeping the ECIG liquid consistent, these early pre-clinical studies were unable to determine if variability in toxicant yields across devices were in fact due to differences in a particular device characteristic (e.g., battery voltage) or the result of the nicotine concentration and/or flavorings differing across the liquids used to generate the aerosols. Furthermore, the puffing parameters used by these early pre-clinical studies to generate ECIG aerosols were consistent with that of a tobacco cigarette smoker, but other studies have demonstrated that the puff topography of an experienced ECIG user may differ markedly from that of a tobacco cigarette smoker (Hiler et al, 2017;Spindle et al, 2015). Thus, by not using puffing parameters representative of an experienced ECIG user, the toxicant content of the aerosols generated in these early pre-clinical studies may not be indicative of an ECIG user's actual toxicant exposure.…”

Section: Pre-clinical Analytical Chemistry Examinations Of Ecigssupporting

confidence: 55%

Effects of electronic cigarette liquid solvents propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin on user nicotine delivery, heart rate, subjective effects, and puff topography

Spindle

Talih

Hiler

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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PG:VG ratio influenced nicotine delivery, some subjective effects, and puff topography. Lower overall product satisfaction associated with the 100PG liquid suggests factors other than nicotine delivery (e.g., aerosol visibility) may play a role in maintaining ECIG use. Regulating ECIG acute effects such as nicotine delivery and subjective effects may require simultaneous attention to liquid PG:VG ratio as well as device, liquid, and behavioral factors known to influence these outcomes.

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Section: Pre-clinical Analytical Chemistry Examinations Of Ecigssupporting

confidence: 55%

Effects of electronic cigarette liquid solvents propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin on user nicotine delivery, heart rate, subjective effects, and puff topography

Spindle

Talih

Hiler

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Self Cite

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“…The outcomes on craving in this report are supported by recent work with combustible cigarette smokers showing that craving did not change after varying doses of nicotine (similar to those used here) . Notwithstanding, the data in this report do not replicate those reported by Bullen et al and Hiler et al, who showed that e‐cigarettes suppressed nicotine abstinence symptoms in e‐cigarette naïve individuals. Upon completion of this research, another report was published on e‐cigarette naïve individuals showing an asymmetric substitution pattern in which e‐liquid (24 mg/ml) served as a partial substitute for combustible cigarettes but not the reverse.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…Following overnight abstinence, there were significant reductions in desire to smoke after an hour of smoking the 16 mg e‐cigarette, however, these reductions were not as great as those seen following the combustible cigarettes. Additionally, a recent study of e‐cigarette naïve users by Hiler et al found that e‐cigarette exposure significantly reduced tobacco craving and withdrawal. Nonetheless, these effects were significantly smaller in magnitude when compared to experienced users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study of E‐Cigarette Naïve Cigarette Smokers and the Effects on Craving After Acute Exposure to E‐Cigarettes in the Laboratory

et al. 2019

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Background and Objectives Recent surveys confirm continued increases in the use of electronic‐cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) in adolescents and adults. Users often state that e‐cigarettes reduce tobacco craving and withdrawal symptoms in addition to their smoking. Data from laboratory studies and clinical trials have confirmed these statements, though there are inconsistencies in the outcomes. In this pilot study, we set out to evaluate the effects of e‐cigarettes, as compared to the participants’ own cigarettes, on baseline craving and smoking severity. Methods Using a within‐subjects, placebo‐controlled study design, 15 tobacco‐dependent, e‐cigarette naïve participants sustained abstinence overnight. They completed distinct phases of this protocol during four separate study sessions. Participants were randomized to an e‐cigarette device containing one of three doses of nicotine (0, 18, or 36 mg/ml) or their own cigarette. Each study visit was ~3 hours long and separated by at least 7 days. Visits included assessments of craving and smoking severity. Results The data showed that after 10 puffs in both the Own cigarette and e‐cigarette conditions, breath carbon monoxide levels increased significantly in the former but not the latter. Questionnaire of Smoking Urges and Choices to Smoke scores were not statistically different across groups after two distinct bouts of 10 puffs each. Additionally, E‐cigarette Perceptions Questionnaire responses were not significantly different according to dose. Conclusion and Scientific Significance This experiment provides data demonstrating that e‐cigarettes did not reduce craving or smoking severity in e‐cigarette naïve users. However, since this was a pilot study, the conclusions that can be drawn are limited. (Am J Addict 2019;28:361–366)

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“…We hypothesized that use of e-cigarette solutions with nicotine would be associated with subsequent greater frequency of cigarette smoking because nicotine would cause dependence, but differences in cigarettes smoked were small and not statistically significant after adjustment for the type of device used. The level of nicotine in the e-liquid has been shown to impact nicotine delivery, [38][39][40] and previous studies have reported that level of nicotine in e-cigarette e-liquid was associated with frequency of e-cigarette use, cigarette use, and likelihood of cigarette initiation. 17,24 However, no previous studies examining this association have accounted for the type of device used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

E-cigarette Product Characteristics and Subsequent Frequency of Cigarette Smoking

et al. 2020

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BACKGROUND: There is a dearth of evidence regarding the association of use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) with certain product characteristics and adolescent and young adult risk of unhealthy tobacco use patterns (eg, frequency of combustible cigarette smoking), which is needed to inform the regulation of e-cigarettes.METHODS: Data were collected via an online survey of participants in the Southern California Children's Health Study from 2015 to 2016 (baseline) and 2016 to 2017 (follow-up) (N = 1312). We evaluated the association of binary categories of 3 nonmutually exclusive characteristics of the e-cigarette used most frequently with the number of cigarettes smoked in the past 30 days at 1-year follow-up. Product characteristics included device (vape pen and/or modifiable electronic cigarette [mod]), use of nicotine in electronic liquid (e-liquid; yes or no), and use for dripping (directly dripping e-liquid onto the device; yes or no).RESULTS: Relative to never e-cigarette users, past-30-day e-cigarette use was associated with greater frequency of past-30-day cigarette smoking at follow-up. Among baseline past-30-day e-cigarette users, participants who used mods (versus vape pens) smoked .6 times as many cigarettes at follow-up (mean: 20.8 vs 1.3 cigarettes; rate ratio = 6.33; 95% confidence interval: 1.64-24.5) after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, baseline frequency of cigarette smoking, and number of days of e-cigarette use. After adjustment for device, neither nicotine e-liquid nor dripping were associated with frequency of cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline mod users (versus vape pen users) smoked more cigarettes in the past 30 days at follow-up. Regulation of e-cigarette device type warrants consideration as a strategy to reduce cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults who vape.WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has been associated with cigarette initiation and greater frequency of smoking among adolescents. It is not yet known whether there are certain product characteristics of e-cigarettes that may increase the frequency of cigarette smoking at follow-up.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Young adults using modifiable (versus penlike) e-cigarette devices at baseline smoked .6 times as many cigarettes in the past 30 days at follow-up. Regulation of e-cigarette product characteristics might reduce the transition from e-cigarettes to heavier cigarette-smoking patterns.

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Electronic cigarette user plasma nicotine concentration, puff topography, heart rate, and subjective effects: Influence of liquid nicotine concentration and user experience.

Cited by 118 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of electronic cigarette liquid solvents propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin on user nicotine delivery, heart rate, subjective effects, and puff topography

Effects of electronic cigarette liquid solvents propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin on user nicotine delivery, heart rate, subjective effects, and puff topography

A Pilot Study of E‐Cigarette Naïve Cigarette Smokers and the Effects on Craving After Acute Exposure to E‐Cigarettes in the Laboratory

E-cigarette Product Characteristics and Subsequent Frequency of Cigarette Smoking

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