Electronic-Cigarette Use Alters Nasal Mucosal Immune Response to Live-attenuated Influenza Virus. A Clinical Trial

Rebuli, Meghan E.; Glista-Baker, Ellen E.; Hoffman, Jessica R.; Duffney, Parker F.; Robinette, Carole; Speen, Adam M.; Pawlak, Erica A.; Dhingra, Radhika; Noah, Terry L.; Jaspers, Ilona

doi:10.1165/rcmb.2020-0164oc

Cited by 43 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Studies of e‐cigarette users have also reported increased levels of proteins associated with COPD, increased expression of neutrophil‐related proteins, consistent with the inflammatory response, and an elevated concentration of MUC5AC 140 . Further, emerging evidence from animal 141 and human 142 studies suggest that exposure to e‐cigarette aerosols increases the risk of viral infections such as influenza by suppressing host‐defense functions against these viral infections.…”

Section: Safety Concerns With Endsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Clinical Pharmacology of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Implications for Benefits and Risks in the Promotion of the Combusted Tobacco Endgame

Benowitz

Helen

Liakoni

2021

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

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Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) such as e‐cigarettes and heated tobacco products are novel battery‐operated devices that deliver nicotine without combustion of tobacco. Because cigarette smoking is sustained by nicotine addiction and the toxic combustion products are mainly responsible for the harmful effects of smoking, ENDS could be used to promote smoking cessation while exposing users to lower levels of toxicants compared with conventional cigarettes. The currently available evidence from clinical and observational studies indicates a potential role of e‐cigarettes as smoking cessation aids, although many continue to use e‐cigarettes long after quitting smoking. Nicotine and toxicant delivery vary considerably by device and depend on the characteristics of the e‐liquid formulation. Because smokers tend to titrate their nicotine intake to maintain their desired pharmacologic effects, device and liquid characteristics need to be considered when using ENDS as an aid to quit smoking. Factors potentially limiting their use are the currently still unknown long‐term safety of these products and concerns regarding widespread use among youth. Implications of clinical pharmacology data on ENDS for the cigarette endgame and regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug administration are discussed.

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Section: Safety Concerns With Endsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Clinical Pharmacology of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Implications for Benefits and Risks in the Promotion of the Combusted Tobacco Endgame

Benowitz

Helen

Liakoni

2021

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

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“…A generated score based on the gene expression data could be correlated with male Ab responses to influenza infection [ 276 ]. A different study analyzing the effects of e-cigarette use on live attenuated influenza virus-induced gene expression determined that significant variations existed between male and female expression profiles [ 277 ]. Genes associated with T- and B-cell adaptive immunological functions, including expression of CXCL12, CXCL13, and CCL20, IFN responses (including IFI27, IFNAR1, IFNL1, IL-18, IRF2, IRF5), and CD40- and TLR7-mediated responses to pathogens were varied, implicating differential ability to produce Abs and mount an effective memory response.…”

Section: The Effect Of Sex On Infections With Influenza Viruses and Potential Implications For Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genes associated with T- and B-cell adaptive immunological functions, including expression of CXCL12, CXCL13, and CCL20, IFN responses (including IFI27, IFNAR1, IFNL1, IL-18, IRF2, IRF5), and CD40- and TLR7-mediated responses to pathogens were varied, implicating differential ability to produce Abs and mount an effective memory response. Females often have a more protective anti-influenza response than their male counterparts [ 277 ].…”

Section: The Effect Of Sex On Infections With Influenza Viruses and Potential Implications For Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Influenza Virus Vaccines: The Qualitative Nature of Immune Responses to Infection and Vaccination Is a Critical Consideration

Chan

Alizadeh

et al. 2021

Vaccines

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Influenza viruses have affected the world for over a century, causing multiple pandemics. Throughout the years, many prophylactic vaccines have been developed for influenza; however, these viruses are still a global issue and take many lives. In this paper, we review influenza viruses, associated immunological mechanisms, current influenza vaccine platforms, and influenza infection, in the context of immunocompromised populations. This review focuses on the qualitative nature of immune responses against influenza viruses, with an emphasis on trained immunity and an assessment of the characteristics of the host–pathogen that compromise the effectiveness of immunization. We also highlight innovative immunological concepts that are important considerations for the development of the next generation of vaccines against influenza viruses.

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“…Moreover, vaping e-cigarettes was also associated with suppression of other large number of unique genes ( n = 305) through downregulation of key transcription factors. Rebuli et al ( 41 ) have recently shown that the SMPD3, NOS2A, and KLRB1 genes are downregulated in cigarette smokers, and the MR1, NT5E, and HRAS genes are downregulated in e-cigarette users. Reidel et al ( 42 ) showed that changes in innate defense proteins are associated with significantly elevated elastase and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in e-cigarette users.…”

Section: Covid-19 Vaping and Lung Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaping, SARS-CoV-2, and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome: A Perfect Storm

et al. 2021

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The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and vaping among adolescents has risen exponentially in the last decade. E-cigarette flavors has driven adolescents to use these convenient, USB-like devices, designed to create a desired social image, while being seemingly unaware of the serious health consequences of their behavior. Vaping impacts protective pulmonary barriers by attenuating the mucociliary clearance and by increasing peribronchial inflammation and fibrosis. The recent SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has been characterized by a plethora of unusual disease presentations. Among them, a unique presentation seen exclusively in children and adolescents was multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). Seventy percent of adolescents who had MIS-C also had acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and we speculate that there may exist common denominator that links MIS-C and adolescents: the use of e-cigarettes. The virus targets the angiotensin converting receptor (ACE receptor), and studies have shown nicotine-based e-cigarettes or vaping cause oxidative stress and resulting in the upregulation of ACE2, which might worsen ARDS in MIS-C. Our mini-review highlights that adolescents using e-cigarette have alterations in their pulmonary defenses against SARS-CoV-2: an upregulation of the ACE2 receptors, the primary target of SARS-CoV-2. Their compromised immune system makes them more uniquely vulnerable to Covid-19 related MIS-C, increasing their risk for ARDS and related morbidities. Currently, studies have shown an association between MIS-C and vaping, we speculate that adolescents who vape/smoke might be especially vulnerable to serious respiratory symptoms if they develop a hyper-inflammatory state MIS-C.

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Electronic-Cigarette Use Alters Nasal Mucosal Immune Response to Live-attenuated Influenza Virus. A Clinical Trial

Cited by 43 publications

References 66 publications

Clinical Pharmacology of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Implications for Benefits and Risks in the Promotion of the Combusted Tobacco Endgame

Clinical Pharmacology of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Implications for Benefits and Risks in the Promotion of the Combusted Tobacco Endgame

Review of Influenza Virus Vaccines: The Qualitative Nature of Immune Responses to Infection and Vaccination Is a Critical Consideration

Vaping, SARS-CoV-2, and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome: A Perfect Storm

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