Electronic Beam Steering in Timed Antenna Array by Controlling the Harmonic Patterns with Optimally Derived Pulse-Shifted Switching Sequence

Chakraborty, Avishek; Ram, Gopi; Mandal, Durbadal

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-3071-2_18

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Furthermore, simultaneously lowered SLL and higher-order SBLs have been achieved lately with suitably designed time schemes. [18][19][20] The other research dimension is to exploit the unwanted harmonic patterns, for possible alternate solutions such as harmonic beamforming, 21,22 bidirectional beamforming, [23][24][25] beam scanning, 26,27 beam steering, [28][29][30] multibeam patterns, [31][32][33] direction finding, 34,35 direction of arrival estimation 36,37 and so forth. To explore it further, the investigation of these harmonic patterns is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase center motion based time modulated arrays with preprocessed time schemes for selective harmonic beamforming in B5G communication systems

Chakraborty

Ram

Mandal

2023

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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The possibilities of achieving beamforming antenna arrays for beyond fifth generation (B5G) communication systems by controlling the inherently generated harmonic beam patterns in “time modulation” based antenna arrays, are proposed in this article. The idea of “time modulation” is to assimilate an additional dimension “time” by using high‐speed switches for synthesizing the array radiation patterns. This in turn generates an infinite number of harmonic frequency patterns apart from the main beam at the fundamental frequency. In general, harmonic frequency patterns may be regarded as wastage of power, but with proper controlling, these spatially independent patterns created at multiple harmonics can be selectively utilized for specific purposes. In this article, the lower‐order harmonic frequency patterns of “time modulated” linear arrays (TMLA) are exploited to produce simultaneous multi‐beamforming for B5G multipoint communication. The capabilities of selective harmonic frequency patterns for multi‐beamforming are mathematically verified by proposing different beamforming switching network combinations. In this regard, phase centered motion (PCM) based TMLA is examined for simultaneous, as well as, monopulse beam scanning. PCM‐based unidirectional and bidirectional beamforming patterns with optimal time schemes are proposed. The mathematical validation of preprocessed symmetric and asymmetric time schemes, as well as, the PCM‐based optimized selective harmonic multi‐beamforming radiation patterns are discussed in detail to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase center motion based time modulated arrays with preprocessed time schemes for selective harmonic beamforming in B5G communication systems

Chakraborty

Ram

Mandal

2023

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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“…According to studies, very low or ultra‐low SLLs with improved radiation properties can be obtained using uniformly or non‐uniformly excited arrays by implementing adjustable switch configurations 45–50 . The ability to use TMLAs in emerging domains like tracking radar systems, 51,52 path‐finding, 53 direction of arrival evaluation, 54 automatic beam steering, 55–58 and so on was made possible through elaborative research works in this field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design optimization of linear arrays and time‐modulated antenna arrays using meta‐heuristics approach

Poddar

Paul

Chakraborty³

et al. 2022

Int J Numerical Modelling

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This article presents an approach to design a non-uniformly excited linear array antenna (LAA) and an alternate solution to LAAs in the form of time-modulated linear arrays (TMLA) for optimum far-field radiation pattern synthesis. The performance analysis of both the antenna arrays is studied, and the advantages and limitations of the proposed design approaches are presented with numerical outcomes. The far-field radiation pattern is optimized to reduce the interference by simultaneously lowering the sidelobe levels and increasing the directivities of LAAs and TMLAs. A recently proposed meta-heuristics computation technique called whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is employed to get the optimal results. The current excitation amplitude and the inter-element spacing of the 16-element LAA are optimized with WOA to attain the desired results. However, due to the large dynamic range ratios (DRRs) of excitation weights, array feed network complexities are increased, which restricts the design of typical LAAs. TMLAs can be regarded as an alternative solution where the problem of large DRRs as well as the design complexities of LAAs are eliminated. The concept of 'time' is vital in time-modulation as it plays the role of an added degree of freedom realized by periodically turning ON and OFF the radio-frequency switches with an electronic control circuit to achieve an enhanced array radiation pattern. WOA is utilized to determine the optimal switch-ON time periods for each array element and the optimal inter-element spacing of a 16-element TMLA. A set of numerical results validates the advantages of TMLAs over LAAs, and the limitations of TMLAs with respect to LAAs are also indicated. The performance of both the arrays is then compared with other published literature results to establish the superiority of the proposed approach.

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“…24 A possible solution for electronic beam steering has also been reported with a controlled switching sequence, which further simplified the beamforming network (BFN) by avoiding the use of phase shifters. 25 The profitable exploitation of lower order harmonics with optimized time schemes has also been proposed for harmonic beamforming by Poli et al 26 The idea has been further extended for bidirectional beamforming 27 by controlling the harmonic patterns, and main beam steering. 28 An alternatively radiating sumdifference pattern has been discussed with adjustable phase distributions through optimized switching schemes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A different perspective of exploitation of undesired SRs has unfolded the chances for the direction of arrival estimation 24 . A possible solution for electronic beam steering has also been reported with a controlled switching sequence, which further simplified the beamforming network (BFN) by avoiding the use of phase shifters 25 . The profitable exploitation of lower order harmonics with optimized time schemes has also been proposed for harmonic beamforming by Poli et al 26 The idea has been further extended for bidirectional beamforming 27 by controlling the harmonic patterns, and main beam steering 28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power pattern synthesis of a moving phase center time modulated antenna array using symmetrically and asymmetrically positioned time schemes

Chakraborty¹,

Ram

Mandal

2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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The advantages of exploiting the harmonic patterns in a time-modulated linear array (TMLA) is presented in this paper through mathematical validation and also applied for real-world applications like beam scanning. The inherently generated harmonics or sideband radiations (SRs) in TMLAs are normally considered as a loss of power in unwanted direction. The effect of SRs at the multiple harmonic frequencies is mathematically modeled and presented in this

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Electronic Beam Steering in Timed Antenna Array by Controlling the Harmonic Patterns with Optimally Derived Pulse-Shifted Switching Sequence

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Phase center motion based time modulated arrays with preprocessed time schemes for selective harmonic beamforming in B5G communication systems

Phase center motion based time modulated arrays with preprocessed time schemes for selective harmonic beamforming in B5G communication systems

Design optimization of linear arrays and time‐modulated antenna arrays using meta‐heuristics approach

Power pattern synthesis of a moving phase center time modulated antenna array using symmetrically and asymmetrically positioned time schemes

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