“…Perovskite ferroelectric materials have attracted considerable attention for a wide range of applications, such as dynamic random access memories (DRAMs), microwave tunable phase shifters, second harmonic generators (SHGs), electro-optic switches, pyroelectric detectors, optical modulators, and mixers. [1][2][3] Among these materials, BaTiO 3 is a typical ferroelectric material and considered to be very promising for optical information processing and storage. [4,5] Furthermore, element doping has a great effect on the physical properties of ferroelectric materials.…”