Electron Transfer Reactions: a Treatise

Abstract

In the introduction the concept of oxidation-reduction is well defined. In the discussion a systematic classification of electron transfer reactions is made based on the nature of the redox partners. There were total of eight sets of redox reactions under two main headings four sets for each class of outer sphere electron transfer reactions, and inner sphere electron transfer reactions: containing (i) Inorganic oxidant and inorganic substrate, (ii) Inorganic oxidant and organic substrate, (iii) Organic oxidant and organic substrate, and (iv) Organic oxidant and inorganic substrate. At least one example for each set of redox partners is given and well explained. At the end an example of atom transfer reaction, inner sphere synchronous three and four electron transfer reactions are included.

Electrochemical Oxidation of Alcohols Using Nickel Oxide Hydroxide as Heterogeneous Electrocatalyst in Batch and Continuous Flow

“…Many oxidations of organic molecules require the transfer of two electrons and two protons. 9 Heterogeneous electrodes typically favor an outer sphere electron transfer mechanism resulting in single electron transfer (SET) from the substrate. 10 Generation of the highenergy radical-cation intermediates requires a large overpotential for some functional groups, resulting in poor product selectivity and synthetic utility.…”

“…Electrochemical methods are a promising enabling technology for scalable oxidations in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients or their precursors; however, some electrochemical oxidations come with significant development challenges. Many oxidations of organic molecules require the transfer of two electrons and two protons . Heterogeneous electrodes typically favor an outer sphere electron transfer mechanism resulting in single electron transfer (SET) from the substrate .…”

Micellar and Polymer Catalysis in the Kinetics of Oxidation of L-lysine by Permanganate Ion in Perchloric Acid Medium

“…There is no observable shift in the position of the three bands of permanganate ion, which indicates that the electron transfer reaction between the oxidant and substrate occurs through the outer-sphere mechanism rather than the inner sphere mechanism that involves the formation of a covalent oxidant-substrate complex. 18…”

Roles of soluble species in the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction on a nickel anode

“…Jagannadham described the nature of the reactive species of the Ni(III) ions in a treatise on electron transfer reactions. 23 The Ni(III), as one electron abstractor, can oxidize iodide and thiocyanate anions, hydroxylamine, hydrazine, primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols, 1,2-diols, benzaldehydes, lactic acid, mandelic acid and ethanolamines, etc. The Ni(OH) 2+ ion was assumed to be the reactive form of Ni(III) generated from the dissolution of solid NiOOH in acidic media.…”

“…The Ni(OH) 2+ ion was assumed to be the reactive form of Ni(III) generated from the dissolution of solid NiOOH in acidic media. 23 The trivalent Ni ion is reduced to the divalent state. In the present alkaline anodic system, a possible OER mechanism can be depicted as follows: region.…”