Abstract:The rates of electron transfer in the system tris-(l,10-phenanthroline)-cobalt(II)-tris-(l,10-phenanthroline)-cobalt(III) and analogous 2,2'-bipyridine and 2,2 ',2 "-tripyridine systems have been studied by a tracer technique. The rate laws as well as rate constants depend upon the anion present and the results are discussed in terms of ion-association. The rate is the same in D20 as in water but decreases in acetone-water solutions with increasing acetone concentration. The latter effect is discussed in terms… Show more
“…Millipore water (Milli-Q Housing) was used throughout. The perchlorate salts of the cobalt(II1) complexes were prepared and characterized by reported procedures [46,47]. Co(I1) complexes were prepared in situ by mixing CoC1, with slightly more than the equivalent amount of ligand.…”
Cytochrome c4 is a 190-residue protein active in the aerobic and anaerobic respiration of several bacteria. We have isolated Pseudomonas stutzeri (ATCC no. 11607) cytochrome c, by an optimized growth procedure following factorial design. The ultravioletlvisible spectra of reduced cytochrome c4 have a composite alp band which can be resolved into six components. One of these seems to be specific for the high-potential heme group. The kinetics for full oxidation and reduction with the two inorganic redox couples, [C~(terpy)~]*+'~+ and [C~(bipy),]~'/~+, is formally compatible with either bi-or tri-exponential kinetics. The former would be in line with weak interaction between the heme groups, the latter with notable interaction effects. Arguments in favour of the latter and a cooperative two-electron transfer pattern are given. All phases are approximately proportional to the Co-complex concentration, implying that intramolecular electron transfer in this time range is unlikely. The rate constants are in the range (0.7-80)X104 M-' s-' at pH = 7.6 (Tris) and 0.1 M NaCl and very little dependent on the ionic strength in the range 0.1-0.3 M. The reduction potentials could be calculated from the forward and reverse rate constant ratios. The values are 241 ? 5 and 328 -f 2 mV (Nernst hydrogen electrode) if bi-exponential kinetics is used and interaction between the heme groups disregarded. The intrinsic microscopic reduction potential values are closer when the tri-exponential, cooperative model is used as this model transfers 30-40 mV to electrostatically dominated interaction potentials. The overall electron transfer pattern can be related to the recently determined crystal structure of the F! stutzeri cytochrome c,.Keywords. Electron transfer; cytochrome c4 ; bandshape resolution ; cooperativity.Multi-centre metalloproteins or protein complexes are a dominating feature in respiratory and photosynthetic electron transfer (ET) 11-41. One functional implication of this is that close and specific mutual orientation of individual metallic ET centres ensures facile long-range directional ET by favourable electronic coupling [3]. In addition, electric field changes associated with a given ET step may induce electrostatic or conformational changes in other centres, poising the latter for favourable subsequent ET in a cooperative multi-centre ET pattern [5-91. Long-range ET features relating to the donor-acceptor electronic coupling and energy gap have been broadly investigated [3, 4, 10-141. Well characterized cases of multicentre ET cooperativity are much more limited and probably restricted to the four-heme cytochromes (cyts) c,. These have been functionally mapped in great detail 15-8, 15, 161 and elements of a theoretical ET frame suggested [9]. Two-centre proteins offer attractive alternatives towards cooperative ET mapping due to the much smaller number of interactions. Compared with fourcentre proteins, the maximum number of microscopic reduction potentials is thus reduced from 32 to four and the number of rate cons...
“…Millipore water (Milli-Q Housing) was used throughout. The perchlorate salts of the cobalt(II1) complexes were prepared and characterized by reported procedures [46,47]. Co(I1) complexes were prepared in situ by mixing CoC1, with slightly more than the equivalent amount of ligand.…”
Cytochrome c4 is a 190-residue protein active in the aerobic and anaerobic respiration of several bacteria. We have isolated Pseudomonas stutzeri (ATCC no. 11607) cytochrome c, by an optimized growth procedure following factorial design. The ultravioletlvisible spectra of reduced cytochrome c4 have a composite alp band which can be resolved into six components. One of these seems to be specific for the high-potential heme group. The kinetics for full oxidation and reduction with the two inorganic redox couples, [C~(terpy)~]*+'~+ and [C~(bipy),]~'/~+, is formally compatible with either bi-or tri-exponential kinetics. The former would be in line with weak interaction between the heme groups, the latter with notable interaction effects. Arguments in favour of the latter and a cooperative two-electron transfer pattern are given. All phases are approximately proportional to the Co-complex concentration, implying that intramolecular electron transfer in this time range is unlikely. The rate constants are in the range (0.7-80)X104 M-' s-' at pH = 7.6 (Tris) and 0.1 M NaCl and very little dependent on the ionic strength in the range 0.1-0.3 M. The reduction potentials could be calculated from the forward and reverse rate constant ratios. The values are 241 ? 5 and 328 -f 2 mV (Nernst hydrogen electrode) if bi-exponential kinetics is used and interaction between the heme groups disregarded. The intrinsic microscopic reduction potential values are closer when the tri-exponential, cooperative model is used as this model transfers 30-40 mV to electrostatically dominated interaction potentials. The overall electron transfer pattern can be related to the recently determined crystal structure of the F! stutzeri cytochrome c,.Keywords. Electron transfer; cytochrome c4 ; bandshape resolution ; cooperativity.Multi-centre metalloproteins or protein complexes are a dominating feature in respiratory and photosynthetic electron transfer (ET) 11-41. One functional implication of this is that close and specific mutual orientation of individual metallic ET centres ensures facile long-range directional ET by favourable electronic coupling [3]. In addition, electric field changes associated with a given ET step may induce electrostatic or conformational changes in other centres, poising the latter for favourable subsequent ET in a cooperative multi-centre ET pattern [5-91. Long-range ET features relating to the donor-acceptor electronic coupling and energy gap have been broadly investigated [3, 4, 10-141. Well characterized cases of multicentre ET cooperativity are much more limited and probably restricted to the four-heme cytochromes (cyts) c,. These have been functionally mapped in great detail 15-8, 15, 161 and elements of a theoretical ET frame suggested [9]. Two-centre proteins offer attractive alternatives towards cooperative ET mapping due to the much smaller number of interactions. Compared with fourcentre proteins, the maximum number of microscopic reduction potentials is thus reduced from 32 to four and the number of rate cons...
“…½CoðbipyÞ 3 2þ was prepared as a 6 mM stock solution from CoCl 2 , 6H 2 O and a slight excess of bipy. [Co(bipy) 3 ]Cl 3 , Â H 2 O was prepared by published procedures [29] and stored as a 4 mM stock solution. All solutions contained 20 mM Tris/HCl buffer, pH 7.5.…”
“…4b) for another octahedral trication, CoðbipyÞ 3þ 3 , shows pure negative feedback (insulating behaviour). We attribute this behaviour to the much lower self-exchange rate for this complex (2 M À1 s À1 [105]) compared to RuðNH 3 Þ 3þ=2þ 6 (800-4300 M À1 s À1 [106][107][108]) which results in negative feedback due to low values of k O and k eff in the regime described by Eq. (10).…”
Section: Long-range Electron Transfer Mediated Via Dsdnamentioning
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