Electron Temperature in the Equatorial E Region Measured by Two Rocket Experiments and by Incoherent Scatter

DC Langmuir Probe for Measurement of Space Plasma: A Brief Review

“…However, even when an electrode with a clean surface is used (Hirao & Oyama 1972;Oyama & Hirao 1976;Oyama et al 2008a, b) or another instrument is used whose measurement is not influenced by electrode contamination, the measurements still show T e to be higher than T n during the daytime. The T e value measured by a resonance cone instrument agrees with this measurement (Piel et al 1992), as well as that obtained by incoherent scatter radar (Smith et al 1978). Electron temperature inside and/or around the sporadic E layer (E s ) is controversial.…”

Electron temperature probe

“…The high T e below the height of 98 km is considered to be due to the aerodynamical heating. The comparison of T e measurement was also conducted in US with an ac probe which was invented by Smith et al (1978), with good agreement. Figure 15 summarizes the results of the T e measurement by ETP when the rocket is in the center of Sq current system.…”

“…ETP has been flown in more than 50 Japanese sounding rockets including ones from the Showa Antarctica station (Hirao and Oyama, 1980;Schlegel et al, 1983). ETP was also deployed in the Copyright c TERRAPUB, 2013. sounding rockets of India, Brazil, USA, and West Germany with great success (Sampath et al, 1974;Smith et al, 1978;Schlegel and Oyama, 1987;Wilhelm et al, 1987;Piel et al, 1988Piel et al, , 1991Piel et al, , 1992Rohde et al, 1993). The probe was installed in 5 Japanese satellites: TAIYO (Oyama and Hirao, 1975), HINOTORI , KYOKKO (Oyama and Schlegel, 1984), OHZORA Oyama and Abe, 1987), and AKEBONO (Oyama, 1994).…”