Electron-temperature and energy-flow history in an imploding plasma

Gregorian, L.; Kroupp, E.; Davara, G.; Starobinets, A.; Fisher, V.; Bernshtam, V.; Ralchenko, Yuri; Maron, Y.; Fisher, A.; Hoffmann, D. H. H.

doi:10.1103/physreve.71.056402

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In addition to the general interest of the B-field penetration, these data are also critical to solving the energy balance in a z-pinch plasma. Combining these data with other spectroscopic measurements of the electron temperature, density, and ion velocity, Gregorian et al [19][20][21] were able to demonstrate that ϳ85% of the energy imparted to their z pinch comes from the J ϫ B force with the remainder coming from the Joule heating.…”

Section: Magnetic Field Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In this case, the CO 2 plasma electron density and temperature over the duration of the measurements are ϳ5 ϫ 10 17 cm −3 and 5-13 eV, respectively. 19,20 Stark broadening 4,5 dominates the line profile under these conditions, which smears out the measurable effect of the Zeeman splitting. To determine the magnetic field strength, Davara et al separately measured the linear and circularly polarized line components by observing the O IV 3s-3p emission perpendicular to the B-field direction and using a quarter-wave plate to separate the different polarizations.…”

Section: Magnetic Field Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Applied spectroscopy in pulsed power plasmas

2010

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Applied spectroscopy is a powerful diagnostic tool for high energy density plasmas produced with modern pulsed power facilities. These facilities create unique plasma environments with a broad range of electron densities ͑10 13 -10 23 cm −3 ͒ and temperatures ͑10 0 -10 3 eV͒ immersed in strong magnetic ͑Ͼ100 T͒ and electric ͑up to 1 GV/m͒ fields. This paper surveys the application of plasma spectroscopy to diagnose a variety of plasma conditions generated by pulsed power sources including: magnetic field penetration into plasma, measuring the time-dependent spatial distribution of 1 GV/m electric fields, opacity measurements approaching stellar interior conditions, characteristics of a radiating shock propagating at 330 km/s, and determination of plasma conditions in imploded capsule cores at 150 Mbar pressures. These applications provide insight into fundamental properties of nature in addition to their importance for addressing challenging pulsed power science problems.

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Section: Magnetic Field Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Magnetic Field Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Applied spectroscopy in pulsed power plasmas

2010

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“…Calculations of the level populations and line intensities expected from non-Maxwellian plasmas were performed with the collisional-radiative (CR) code NOMAD (Ralchenko & Maron 2001). This code allows modeling of plasma population kinetics for an arbitrary electron energy distribution function and was intensively used in simulations of emission from low-and medium-density plasmas (see, e.g., Arad et al 2000;Gregorian et al 2005).…”

Section: Methods Of Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a High‐Energy Particle Population in the Quiet Solar Corona?

Ralchenko

Feldman

Doschek

2007

ApJ

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A study of spectra emitted by the quiet solar corona indicates that the majority of line intensities originating in lowlying levels are consistent with isothermal plasma of $1:3 ; 10 6 K. Nevertheless, a number of line intensities and, in particular, those belonging to ions that are typical of higher temperatures are brighter than expected. We show in this paper that the excess brightness of the hotter lines may be satisfactorily accounted for by a two-Maxwellian electron distribution function. We have calculated the effects on the line intensities and ionization balance under the assumption of both single-and two-Maxwellian electron distribution functions. One Maxwellian is characterized by a temperature of about 110 eV (1:35 ; 10 6 K ). The second Maxwellian is assumed to be a high-energy component ranging in temperatures between 150 and 1000 eV, with electron fractions relative to the total electron density that vary from 0.5% to 10%. We found that a good match to the quiet-Sun intensities could be achieved by adding $5% electrons with a 300 Y 400 eV Maxwellian temperature to the cooler component at 110 eV. We also found that the calculated line intensities become inconsistent with the quiet solar corona measurements if more than 3% of a T e ¼ 500 eV plasma or more than 1% of a T e ¼ 1000 eV plasma is added to the cooler Maxwellian.

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“…This line has been detected and used as a Z-pinch diagnostic at Weizmann. [38][39][40] If its broadening is also dominated by the Doppler effect at an effective ion temperature of 1 keV, its bandwidth D and coherence time s 0 would be 4.8 Â 10 11 Hz and 2.1 Â 10 À12 s, respectively. Keeping the resolution time T at 100 ps, Eq.…”

Section: -3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving microstructures in Z pinches with intensity interferometry

et al. 2014

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Nearly 60 years ago, Hanbury Brown and Twiss R. Q. Twiss, Nature 178, 1046 (1956)] succeeded in measuring the 30 nrad angular diameter of Sirius using a new type of interferometry that exploited the interference of photons independently emitted from different regions of the stellar disk. Its basis was the measurement of intensity correlations as a function of detector spacing, with no beam splitting or preservation of phase information needed. Applied to Z pinches, X pinches, or laser-produced plasmas, this method could potentially provide spatial resolution under one micron. A quantitative analysis based on the work of Purcell [E. M. Purcell, Nature 178, 1449(1956] reveals that obtaining adequate statistics from x-ray interferometry of a Z-pinch microstructure would require using the highest-current generators available. However, using visible light interferometry would reduce the needed photon count and could enable its use on sub-MA machines. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx.

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Electron-temperature and energy-flow history in an imploding plasma

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Applied spectroscopy in pulsed power plasmas

Applied spectroscopy in pulsed power plasmas

Is There a High‐Energy Particle Population in the Quiet Solar Corona?

Resolving microstructures in Z pinches with intensity interferometry

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