Electron structure of superheavy elements Uut, Fl and Uup (Z=113 to 115)

Dzuba, V. A.; Flambaum, V. V.

doi:10.1007/s10751-016-1365-7

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…The Breit interaction [26,27] and quantum electrodynamic (QED) radiative corrections (Ueling potential and electric and magnetic form factors) [28] are included in the calculations as described in our earlier works (see, e.g. [29]). As both the Breit and QED radiative corrections scale with nuclear charge, Z, faster than the first power [29] their contribution to the energy levels of SHE is non negligible.…”

Section: The Cipt Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calculation of atomic properties of superheavy elements Z=110–112 and their ions

2020

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We calculate the spectra, electric dipole transition rates and isotope shifts of the super heavy elements Ds (Z = 110), Rg (Z = 111) and Cn (Z = 112) and their ions. These calculations were performed using a recently developed, efficient version of the ab intio configuration interaction combined with perturbation theory to treat distant effects. The successive ionization potentials of the three elements are also calculated and compared to lighter elements.

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Section: The Cipt Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[29]). As both the Breit and QED radiative corrections scale with nuclear charge, Z, faster than the first power [29] their contribution to the energy levels of SHE is non negligible. For each level we calculate the Landé g-factor for comparison with experimental g-factors in lighter elements.…”

Section: The Cipt Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of atomic properties of superheavy elements Z=110–112 and their ions

2020

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“…Bi: All IE experimental [19], EA experimental [21], α experimental [69]. Mc IE 1 and IE 2 calculated [70], IE 3 calculated [71], EA calculated [70], and α calculated [72]. Po IE 1 experimental [18] IE 2 and EA calculated [70].…”

Section: The Periodic Table Essence: Relativity and Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Relativity and the periodic table

Pyper

2020

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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The periodic table provides a deep unifying principle for understanding chemical behaviour by relating the properties of different elements. For those belonging to the fifth and earlier rows, the observations concerning these properties and their interrelationships acquired a sound theoretical basis by the understanding of electronic behaviour provided by non-relativistic quantum mechanics. However, for elements of high nuclear charge, such as occur in the sixth and higher rows of the periodic table, the systematic behaviour explained by non-relativistic quantum mechanics begins to fail. These problems are resolved by realizing that relativistic quantum mechanics is required in heavy elements where electrons velocities can reach significant fractions of the velocity of light. An essentially non-mathematical description of relativistic quantum mechanics explains how relativity modifies valence electron behaviour in heavy elements. The direct relativistic effect, arising from the relativistic increase of the electron mass with velocity, contracts orbitals of low angular momentum, increasing their binding energies. The indirect relativistic effect causes valence orbitals of high angular momentum to be more effectively screened as a result of the relativistic contraction of the core orbitals. In the alkali and alkaline earths, the s orbital contractions reverse the chemical trends on descending these groups, with heavy elements becoming less reactive. For valence d and f electrons, the indirect relativistic effect enhances the reductions in their binding energies on descending the periodic table. The d electrons in the heavier coinage metals thus become more chemically active, which causes these elements to exhibit higher oxidation states. The indirect effect on d orbitals causes the chemistries of the sixth-row transition elements to differ significantly from the very similar behaviours of the fourth and fifth-row transition series. The relativistic destabilization of f orbitals causes lanthanides to be chemically similar, forming mainly ionic compounds in oxidation state three, while allowing the earlier actinides to show a richer range of chemical behaviour with several higher oxidation states. For the 7p series of elements, relativity divides the non-relativistic p shell of three degenerate orbitals into one of much lower energy with the energies of the remaining two being substantially increased. These orbitals have angular shapes and spin distributions so different from those of the non-relativistic ones that the ability of the 7p elements to form covalent bonds is greatly inhibited. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mendeleev and the periodic table’.

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“…Progress in the theoretical treatment of open shells enables now calculation of elements with partly filled 5f shells such as Fm [84], Md [85] and for elements with open d-shells [105,106]. At present, calculations for most elements are existing [107,108,109,83,89,110,111,112,113,114] with some special emphasis on Og [115,116],…”

Section: Atomic Structure Of the Heaviest Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in laser spectroscopy of the actinides

Block,

Laatiaoui,

Raeder

2020

Preprint

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The interest to perform laser spectroscopy in the heaviest elements arises from the strong impact of relativistic effects, electron correlations and quantum electrodynamics on their atomic structure. Once this atomic structure is well understood, laser spectroscopy also provides access to nuclear properties such as spins, mean square charge radii and electromagnetic moments in a nuclear-model independent way. This is of particular interest for the heaviest actinides around N = 152, a region of shell-stabilized deformed nuclei. The experimental progress of laser spectroscopy in this region benefitted from continuous methodological and technical developments such as the introduction of buffer-gas-stopping techniques that enabled the access to ever more exotic nuclei far-off stability. The key challenges faced in this endeavor are small yields, nuclides with rather short half-lives and the need to search for atomic transitions in a wide spectral range guided by theoretical predictions. This paper describes the basics of the most common experimental methods and discusses selected recent results on the atomic and nuclear properties of the actinides up to nobelium where pioneering experiments were performed at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany.

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Electron structure of superheavy elements Uut, Fl and Uup (Z=113 to 115)

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

Calculation of atomic properties of superheavy elements Z=110–112 and their ions

Calculation of atomic properties of superheavy elements Z=110–112 and their ions

Relativity and the periodic table

Recent progress in laser spectroscopy of the actinides

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