Electron string ion sources for carbon ion cancer therapy accelerators

Boytsov, A. Yu.; Donets, D. E.; Donets, E. D.; Katagiri, Ken; Noda, K.; Ponkin, D. O.; Ramzdorf, A. Yu.; Salnikov, V. V.; Shutov, V.

doi:10.1063/1.4927821

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Design of such cryogenic cell has been elaborated and recently tested in JINR [6,7]. Which shows, that the cell exhibited expected above mentioned time and temperature parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Algorithm and simulation of heat conduction process for design of a thin multilayer technical device

Ayriyan¹,

Buša

Donets³

et al. 2016

Applied Thermal Engineering

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A model of a multilayer device with non-trivial geometrical structure and nonlinear dependencies of thermodynamic material properties at cryogenic temperatures is suggested. A considered device, called cryogenic cell, is intended for use in multicharged ion sources for pulse injection of gaseous species into ionization space of ion sources. The main requirement for the cryogenic cell operation is the permanent opening and closing for gaseous species injection in a millisecond range, while cell closing is provided by freezing of the gaseous specie at the outer surface of the cell and the cell opening -by the corresponding pulse heating of the cell surface up to definite temperature. The thermal behaviour of the device in a millisecond time range is simulated. The algorithm for solving the non-stationary heat conduction problem with a time-dependent periodical heating source is suggested. The algorithm is based on finite difference explicit-implicit method. The OpenCL realization of the algorithm is discussed. The optimal particular choice of the parameters to provide the required pulse temperature regime of the designed cryogenic cell for the chosen working gas is presented. Based on these results further optimization can be formulated.

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“…Design of such cryogenic cell has been elaborated and recently tested in JINR [6,7]. Which shows, that the cell exhibited expected above mentioned time and temperature parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Algorithm and simulation of heat conduction process for design of a thin multilayer technical device

Ayriyan¹,

Buša

Donets³

et al. 2016

Applied Thermal Engineering

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“…Currently, a singly charged ion source based on electron impact ionization is under development ( 84 ). Considering an average C 4+ ionization efficiency of approximately 10% that was observed in an ESIS ( 93 , 94 ), the 1+ ion source is designed to provide the required 1% ionization efficiency. However, it must be mentioned that the referred charge breeding efficiency was determined using stable, neutral CH 4 gas which was frozen in a cryogenic cell.…”

Section: Production Of 11 C Beams: Overview Of Pas...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The neutral molecules would freeze on a cold surface [melting point CO: 68.13 K ( 123 ), CH 4 : 90.58 K ( 123 )] and be released into the electron beam by heating of the trap. Boytsov et al ( 94 ) have successfully demonstrated the storing of CH 4 in such a cryogenic trap, cooled with liquid He, as well as the neutral gas injection into the electron beam of their ESIS (Electron String Ion Source) through a heating pulse of 2 ms. The conversion efficiency from frozen CH 4 → C 4+ of 5–10%, obtained in tests with stable 12 CH 4 , is indeed very promising.…”

Section: Analysis By Accelerator Component/stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Design Report for a Carbon-11 Treatment Facility

Penescu¹,

Stora

Stegemann

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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Particle therapy relies on the advantageous dose deposition which permits to highly conform the dose to the target and better spare the surrounding healthy tissues and organs at risk with respect to conventional radiotherapy. In the case of treatments with heavier ions (like carbon ions already clinically used), another advantage is the enhanced radiobiological effectiveness due to high linear energy transfer radiation. These particle therapy advantages are unfortunately not thoroughly exploited due to particle range uncertainties. The possibility to monitor the compliance between the ongoing and prescribed dose distribution is a crucial step toward new optimizations in treatment planning and adaptive therapy. The Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is an established quantitative 3D imaging technique for particle treatment verification and, among the isotopes used for PET imaging, the 11C has gained more attention from the scientific and clinical communities for its application as new radioactive projectile for particle therapy. This is an interesting option clinically because of an enhanced imaging potential, without dosimetry drawbacks; technically, because the stable isotope 12C is successfully already in use in clinics. The MEDICIS-Promed network led an initiative to study the possible technical solutions for the implementation of 11C radioisotopes in an accelerator-based particle therapy center. We present here the result of this study, consisting in a Technical Design Report for a 11C Treatment Facility. The clinical usefulness is reviewed based on existing experimental data, complemented by Monte Carlo simulations using the FLUKA code. The technical analysis starts from reviewing the layout and results of the facilities which produced 11C beams in the past, for testing purposes. It then focuses on the elaboration of the feasible upgrades of an existing 12C particle therapy center, to accommodate the production of 11C beams for therapy. The analysis covers the options to produce the 11C atoms in sufficient amounts (as required for therapy), to ionize them as required by the existing accelerator layouts, to accelerate and transport them to the irradiation rooms. The results of the analysis and the identified challenges define the possible implementation scenario and timeline.

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“…The implementation of a suitable cryogenic trap coupled to an ion source was already evaluated for the transport of carbon monoxide in a carrier gas by Powell et al [52], and Katagiri et al have also shown the feasibility of the integration into the process of radioactive ion beam production [23]. The option of neutral CO injection via a cryogenic trap into an electron beam ion source for charge breeding is also considered for medical applications [53,54,55].…”

Section: Gas Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A concept for the extraction of the most refractory elements at CERN-ISOLDE as carbonyl complex ions

Ballof,

Chrysalidis,

Düllmann

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We introduce a novel thick-target concept tailored to the extraction of refractory 4d and 5d transition metal radionuclides of molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium and tungsten for radioactive ion beam production. Despite the more than 60-year old history of thick-target ISOL mass-separation facilities like ISOLDE, the extraction of the most refractory elements as radioactive ion beam has so far not been successful. In ordinary thick ISOL targets, their radioisotopes produced in the target are stopped within the condensed target material and have to diffuse through a solid material. Here, we present a concept which overcomes limitations associated with this method. We exploit the recoil momentum of nuclear reaction products for their release from the solild target material. They are thermalized in a carbon monoxidecontaining atmosphere, in which volatile carbonyl complexes form readily at ambient temperature and pressure. This compound serves as volatile carrier for transport to the ion source. Excess carbon monoxide is removed by cryogenic gas separation to enable low pressures in the source region, in which the species are ionized and hence made available for radioactive ion beam formation. The setup is operated in batch mode, with the aim to extract isotopes having half-lives of at least several seconds. We report parameter studies of the key processes of the method, which validate this concept and which define the parameters for the setup. This would allow for the first time the extraction of radioactive molybdenum, tungsten and several other transition metals at thick-target ISOL facilities.

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Electron string ion sources for carbon ion cancer therapy accelerators

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Algorithm and simulation of heat conduction process for design of a thin multilayer technical device

Algorithm and simulation of heat conduction process for design of a thin multilayer technical device

Technical Design Report for a Carbon-11 Treatment Facility

A concept for the extraction of the most refractory elements at CERN-ISOLDE as carbonyl complex ions

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