Electron self-trapping in liquids and dense gases

Hernandez, John P.

doi:10.1103/revmodphys.63.675

Cited by 139 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…In 1933, Landau predicted, using quantum mechanical arguments, that the localization of electron impurities in a crystal could be used to probe the activation energy of solids [1]. Electron impurities have also played a key role in the study of liquids, in particular liquid 4 He [2]. More recently, the study of doped mesoscopic helium clusters has attracted much attention [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction-induced localization of an impurity in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate

2006

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We study the ground state properties of a trapped Bose condensate with a neutral impurity. By varying the strength of the attractive atom-impurity interactions the degree of localization of the impurity at the trap center can be controlled. As the impurity becomes more strongly localized the peak condensate density, which can be monitored experimentally, grows markedly. For strong enough attraction, the impurity can make the condensate unstable by strongly deforming the atom density in the neighborhood of the impurity. This "collapse" can possibly be investigated in bosenova-type experiments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction-induced localization of an impurity in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate

2006

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“…In the case of the positron or positronium, their inherent lifetimes provide a natural limit for this quantity, where the ortho-positronium lifetime of 140 ns provides an upper bound. [1] However, there is also a natural time, called the association time, during which the excess electron eventually chemically bonds with the gas atom or molecule. [3] Thus, for experiments which measure electron currents and positron lifetimes, one must consider whether the classical atom interacting with a quantum particle has sufficient time to respond to the presence of the qp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Path integral Monte Carlo on a lattice: Extended states

O'Callaghan

Miller

2014

Phys. Rev. E

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The equilibrium properties of a single quantum particle (qp) interacting with a classical gas for a wide range of temperatures that explore the system's behavior in the classical as well as in the quantum regime is investigated. Both the quantum particle and atoms are restricted to the sites of a one-dimensional lattice. A path-integral formalism is developed within the context of the canonical ensemble in which the quantum particle is represented by a closed, variable-step random walk on the lattice. Monte Carlo methods are employed to determine the system's properties. For the case of a free particle, analytical expressions for the energy, its fluctuations, and the qp-qp correlation function are derived and compared with the Monte Carlo simulations. To test the usefulness of the path integral formalism, the Metropolis algorithm is employed to determine the equilibrium properties of the qp for a periodic interaction potential, forcing the qp to occupy extended states. We consider a striped potential in one dimension, where every other lattice site is occupied by an atom with potential ǫ, and every other lattice site is empty. This potential serves as a stress test for the path integral formalism because of its rapid site-to-site variation. An analytical solution was determined in this case by utilizing Bloch's theorem due to the periodicity of the potential. Comparisons of the potential energy, the total energy, the energy fluctuations and the correlation function are made between the results of the Monte Carlo simulations and the analytical calculations.

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“…The electrohydrodynamic theory by Hubbard and Onsager [1,2] and the stochastic theory [3,4] for ionic conductivity in the liquid phase have been proposed.Since fluctuation from the equilibrium medium is preferable in liquid phase, localization of ions such as positrons is highly probable [5,6]. Free energy density functional theories [7,8] provide self-trapping as solution of the ions in a given host liquid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positron and Ion Migrations and the Attractive Interactions between like Ion Pairs in the Liquids: Based on Studies with Slow Positron Beam

Kanazawa

Sasaki

Yamada

et al. 2014

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. We have discussed positron and ion diffusions in liquids by using the gaugeinvariant effection Lagrange density with the spontaneously broken density (the hedgehog-like density) with the internal non-linear gauge fields (Yaug-Mills gauge fields), and have presented the relation to the Hubbard-Onsager theory. IntroductionThe Investigation for ion mobility in the liquid phase has been one of the central area of physical chemistry. The electrohydrodynamic theory by Hubbard and Onsager [1,2] and the stochastic theory [3,4] for ionic conductivity in the liquid phase have been proposed.Since fluctuation from the equilibrium medium is preferable in liquid phase, localization of ions such as positrons is highly probable [5,6]. Free energy density functional theories [7,8] provide self-trapping as solution of the ions in a given host liquid. The sensitivity of positrons to changes induced by melting has already been reported by the positron annihilation angular correlation [9][10][11] and lifetime [12,13] studies for liquids. Gramsh et al. [14,15] have observed very different behavior of the diffusion length L + of positrons in liquid and solid metals. That is, on melting, L + decreases remarkably, and in the liquid phase, L + increases with temperature. Kanazawa [16][17][18][19][20] has introduced the effective Lagrangian in the gauge-invariant formula with spontaneous symmetry breaking for liquids and glasses, and has discussed the origin of the boson peak, the glass transition, and the viscosity of the supercooled liquids. Kanazawa and coworkers [21][22][23][24] proposed a qualitative explanation for the increase of the positron diffusion length L + with temperature in the liquid phase, by using the theoretical formula, which is based on the gaugeinvariant effective Lagrangian with spontaneously broken density (the hedgehog like fluctuation) and the massive internal gauge fields. In addition Kanazawa et al. [28] have suggested one origin of the attractive interaction between like ion pairs in liquids, extending the theoretical formula [20][21][22][23]. Recently Yamada et al. [29] have explained the origin of the attractive interaction between the Cl − -Cl − pair in water, which is introduced by the integral equation method [1], by using the theoretical formula [28]. In this study, we have analyzed the positron diffusion in the solid and liquid Pb, and have discussed the relation to the Hubbard-Onsager's dielectric theory for positrons and ions migrations in liquids.

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Electron self-trapping in liquids and dense gases

Cited by 139 publications

References 150 publications

Interaction-induced localization of an impurity in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate

Interaction-induced localization of an impurity in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate

Path integral Monte Carlo on a lattice: Extended states

Positron and Ion Migrations and the Attractive Interactions between like Ion Pairs in the Liquids: Based on Studies with Slow Positron Beam

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