Electron microstructure and mechanical properties of silicon and aluminium ductile irons

Šidjanin, Leposava; Smallman, R.E.; Young, J. M.

doi:10.1016/0956-7151(94)90412-x

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The lowest hardness values are correlated with the maximum values of retained austenite, and vice versa. At short austempering times, martensite may form in the microstructure [20], while at longer times carbides are formed [5]. The presence of martensite or carbides in the microstructure, gives rise to brittleness of ADI materials, which in turn reduces elongation and impact energy, and increase hardness.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Adimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of brittle fracture, produced by quasi-cleavage mechanism, in those cases increases with the decrease of retained austenite. Especially negative effect on fracture mode, according to Sidjanin et al [5], has a presence of carbides formed during stage II when ausferrite microstructure is transformed into mixture of ferrite and carbides, i.e. bainite.…”

Section: Fracture Mode Of Adimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the casting is held at the austempering temperature too long, then the carbon enriched retained austenite (γ HC ) further decomposes into ferrite (α) and carbides [1]. The occurrence of carbides in the microstructure makes the material brittle and therefore, that reaction should be avoided [5]. Hence, the optimum mechanical properties of ADI material can be achieved upon completion of the first reaction, but before the second reaction starts, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The standard processing window of alloyed ADI materials

Rajnovic¹,

Eric²,

Šidjanin³

2012

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In present paper the effect of austempering conditions and alloying elements on the microstructure, mechanical properties and processing window of Cu and Cu + Ni alloyed austempered ductile irons has been studied. A new concept of "standard" processing window was suggested as an alternative to the well-known "microstructure" processing window. This concept is based on the ability to achieve mechanical properties required by different standards, namely ASTM, ISO and EN. The results obtained show that alloying with Cu + Ni produced ductile grades of ADI, while alloying with Cu grades of higher strength. The standard processing window depends on the austempering parameters and alloying elements, as well as standard used. The ISO and EN standards give a larger standard processing window compared to the ASTM. It was also shown, that from the engineering point of view, determination of a standard processing window gives great advantage compared to the microstructure processing window where special methods and procedures have to be used. K e y w o r d s : austempered ductile iron, microstructure, mechanical properties, standard processing window

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Section: Mechanical Properties Of Adimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fracture Mode Of Adimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The standard processing window of alloyed ADI materials

Rajnovic¹,

Eric²,

Šidjanin³

2012

Self Cite

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“…Hence, the optimum mechanical properties of ADI material can be achieved upon completion of the first reaction, but before the second reaction starts, i.e. inside the processing window, [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Molybdenum and Manganese on the Mechanical Properties of Austempered Ductile Iron

2018

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Abstract:In this review paper an insight is given on how alloying elements and heat treatment parameters affect mechanical properties of austempered ductile irons (ADI).To elevate hardenability or austemperability of large sections, alloying is required during production of ADI. Conventional ductile iron should be enriched with certain alloying elements to obtain ADIs with desired strength and ductility. These elements must ensure that pearlite formation is avoided as well as that austenite is stabilized during the austempering heat treatment. It has been shown that both single alloying elements and also combinations of different alloying elements affect the mechanical properties of ADI. Also, it has been shown that strength, hardness, elongation and fracture toughness strongly depend on the amount of ausferritic ferrite and stable, high carbon enriched retained austenite. A combination of Ni, Cu, Mn and Mo is usually added. To increase hardenability of ductile irons,Mo should be added. Addition of Mn in ductile irons may influence tensile strength and hardenability of ADIs. During the selection of chemical composition, both for DIs and ADIs, alloying elements which negatively affect casting quality, such as formation of non-spheroidal graphite, inclusions and carbides should be limited. The standard processing window depends on the austempering parameters and alloying elements, as well as the method used to produce ADI.

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“…Therefore, the optimal mechanical properties of ADI are achieved upon the completion of the first stage of the transformation but before the beginning of the second stage of the transformation, i.e. within the so-called "time window", [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Salt Bath Agitation and Austempering Temperature on the Microstructure of Austempered Ductile Iron

Čatipović¹,

Živković²,

Dadić³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract:In this paper the influence of austempering temperature and salt bath agitation on the final microstructure and mechanical properties of the ferritic ductile iron were studied. 17 samples had been subjected to different heat treatment parameters. Different microstructures were recorded upon the completion of the tests. From the obtained micro images, it is obvious that both the austempering temperature and salt bath agitation affect the final microstructure of the austempered ductile iron. Lower austempering temperatures and salt bath agitation produce more ausferrite in the microstructure, hence the harder and tougher phases are present. This was confirmed with hardness and toughness test of the 17 heat-treated samples. Lower austempering temperatures give more ausferrite phase and therefore higher hardness, but hardness decreases with increasing austempering temperatures. Toughness rises with rising austempering temperatures, but drops significantly with temperatures above 395°C because of the final microstructure.

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Electron microstructure and mechanical properties of silicon and aluminium ductile irons

Cited by 26 publications

References 2 publications

The standard processing window of alloyed ADI materials

The standard processing window of alloyed ADI materials

The Effects of Molybdenum and Manganese on the Mechanical Properties of Austempered Ductile Iron

Influence of the Salt Bath Agitation and Austempering Temperature on the Microstructure of Austempered Ductile Iron

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