X-ray microanalysis and electron energy loss spectroscopy of thin foils constitute the important techniques of high resolution chemical analysis using the electron microscope. The technique of x-ray microanalysis is discussed in this paper with particular emphasis on the study of aluminium alloys using a dedicated scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The principle of determining chemical composition from observed x-ray peak intensities including the absorption of x-rays and beam broadening in thin foils are considered, The accuracy of peak intensity measurement and detection limits in x-ray microanalysis are illustrated with reference to AI-Mn alloys. The Cliff-Lorimer (k) factors for manganese, iron and copper with respect to atuminium were obtained from standard samples. Identification of phases in 1100 and 1200 aluminium and 3008 (AI-Mn-Zr) alloy were carried out from measured intensities of x-ray peaks. The experimental results emphasize the value of developing techniques for extracting the particles from the aluminium matrix. The transition phases formed in AI-6 % Zn-3 ~/Mg and A1-4 % Cu were investigated by micro-diffraction and x-ray microanalysis.