Electron microscopy of Wallerian degeneration

Lee, Joseph Ching-Yuen

doi:10.1002/cne.901200107

Cited by 112 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Axotomy, perhaps the most severe axonal insult, results in catastrophic fragmentation of the portion of the axon distal to the injury site [48,49]. A similar morphological fragmentation has been observed in Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and Multiple Sclerosis [50].…”

Section: Axon Degeneration After Injury: Wallerian Degenerationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Diverse cellular and molecular modes of axon degeneration

Neukomm

Freeman

2014

Trends in Cell Biology

118

126

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The elimination of large portions of axons is a widespread event in the developing and diseased nervous system. Subsets of axons are selectively destroyed to help fine tune neural circuit connectivity during development. Axonal degeneration is also an early feature of nearly all neurodegenerative diseases, occurs after most neural injuries, and is a primary driver of functional impairment in patients. In this review, we discuss the diversity of cellular mechanisms by which axons degenerate. Initial molecular characterization highlights some similarities in their execution, but also argues that unique genetic programs modulate each mode of degeneration. Defining these pathways rigorously will provide new targets for therapeutic intervention after neural injury or in neurodegenerative disease.

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Section: Axon Degeneration After Injury: Wallerian Degenerationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Diverse cellular and molecular modes of axon degeneration

Neukomm

Freeman

2014

Trends in Cell Biology

118

126

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“…The later shows a striking histological similarity with Wallerian Degeneration (WD). WD is a mode of degeneration that occurs after an axon is severed in the periphery or in the CNS; it begins with a latent phase and continues with the extensive fragmentation of the axon cytoskeleton and disintegration of internal organelles distal to the injury site, concluding with the complete breakdown of the axon distal to the injury site (Coleman & Freeman 2010, Lee 1963, Thomas 1964, Thomas & Sheldon 1964). WD was initially thought to be the passive degradation of the distal axon due to the lack of soma-derived trophic support.…”

Section: Pruning Versus Degenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sculpting Neural Circuits by Axon and Dendrite Pruning

Riccomagno

Kolodkin

2015

Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol.

278

232

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The assembly of functional neural circuits requires the combined action of progressive and regressive events. Regressive events encompass a variety of inhibitory developmental processes, including axon and dendrite pruning, which facilitate the removal of exuberant neuronal connections. Most axon pruning involves the removal of axons that had already made synaptic connections, thus, axon pruning is tightly associated with synapse elimination. In many instances these developmental processes are regulated by the interplay between neurons and glial cells that act instructively during neural remodeling. Owing to the importance of axon and dendritic pruning, these remodeling events require precise spatial and temporal control, and this is achieved by a range of distinct molecular mechanisms. Disruption of these mechanisms results in abnormal pruning, which has been linked to brain dysfunction. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of axon and dendritic pruning will be instrumental in advancing our knowledge of neural disease and mental disorders.

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“…Recent electron microscope findings (2)(3)(4)(5) suggested to us that the behavior of cell organelles might better be understood when the lysosomes in axoplasm and Schwann cells were investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysosomes in the Rat Sciatic Nerve Following Crush

Holtzman

Novikoff

1965

The Journal of Cell Biology

297

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Peripheral nerves undergoing degeneration are favorable material for studying the types, origins, and functions of lysosomes. The following lysosomes are described: (a) Autophagic vacuoles in altered Schwann cells. Within these vacuoles the myelin and much of the axoplasm which it encloses in the normal nerve are degraded (Wallerian degeneration). The delimiting membranes of the vacuoles apparently form from myelin lamellae. Considered as possible sources of their acid phosphatase are Golgi vesicles (primary lysosomes), lysosomes of the dense body type, and the endoplasmic reticulum which lies close to the vacuoles. (b) Membranous bodies that accumulate focally in myelinated fibers in a zone extending 2 to 3 mm distal to the crush. These appear to arise from the endoplasmic reticulum in which demonstrable acid phosphatase activity increases markedly within 2 hours after the

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Electron microscopy of Wallerian degeneration

Cited by 112 publications

References 26 publications

Diverse cellular and molecular modes of axon degeneration

Diverse cellular and molecular modes of axon degeneration

Sculpting Neural Circuits by Axon and Dendrite Pruning

Lysosomes in the Rat Sciatic Nerve Following Crush

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