Electron Microscopy of the Lower Ureter in Man

Notley, F.R.C.S. Richard G.

doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1970.tb04480.x

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Numerous bundles of nerve fibers are observable in the adventitia, the greatest number ofaxons being unmyelinated. The terminal axons in these large bundles are not readily observable, and no synapses between axons or ganglion cells are observable in the aventitia, nor in any layer of the ureter [30][31][32]34].…”

Section: The Adventitiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of these cells are completely surrounded by a basement membrane measuring about 400 A thick and lying approximately 400 A from the cell wall (Fig. 2.15) [30].…”

Section: The Adventitiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent work demonstrates most clearly that all was not totally known. Witness the very articulate studies of Hicks [18][19][20], Monis and Zambrano [27], Hoyes et al [21,22], Notley [28][29][30][31][32][33], Aung-Khin [1], Dixon and Gosling [7,8], Gosling and Dixon [12][13][14][15], Kanczak et al [24], and Firth and Hicks [10,11]. These studies have brought to light numerous insights into the fine structure of the ureter, with specific highlights on biochemical, cytologic physiologic, and neural considerations.…”

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Histology of the Ureter

Velardo¹

1981

The Ureter

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The ureter truly commands a rather unique position in anatomic studies, owing chiefly to its ever-changing intemallining and its highly specialized muscular coatings [4,16]. The groundbreaking work of Protopopow [35], Satani [39], and Stein and Weinberg [40] clearly showed that the ureter displays morphologic plasticity, physiologic accommodation, and anatomic change under different conditions, e.g., physiologic function, stress, obstruction, and aging. Until the recent developments of fine structure and microcirculatory studies combined with immunochemical analyses it appeared that knowledge pertaining to the ureter was "totally known. " Recent work demonstrates most clearly that all was not totally known. Witness the very articulate studies of Hicks [18-20], Monis and Zambrano [27], Hoyes et al. [21,22], Notley [28-33], Aung-Khin [1], Dixon and Gosling [7,8], Gosling and Dixon [12-15], Kanczak et al. [24], and Firth and Hicks [10,11]. These studies have brought to light numerous insights into the fine structure of the ureter, with specific highlights on biochemical, cytologic physiologic, and neural considerations. Thus, as a result, we are now in a position to better explain several structure-function relationships of the ureter in health and disease. The aforementioned findings and experimental results will be interdigitated in the appropriate sections following the basic considerations.In an effort to present a solid scaffold of information on the ureter, prior to discussing the more recent findings, it appears of primary interest to present a graphic prosection of the ureter so that one might better understand the mi-croscopic, electron microscopic, and the more recent basic findings.The ureters, viewed in situ, are the ducts that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In the adult they are of a pale color, approximately 28 cm in length (oftentimes ranging between 28 and 34 cm), and are located in the extraperitoneal tissue behind the peritoneum, to which they closely adhere. The upper aspect of the ureter lies in the abdomen while its continuing lower part is in the pelvis. The upper aspect of the ureter, known as the pelvis of the ureter, is thinwalled and funnel-shaped in appearance. Emanating well within the sinus of the kidney, the pelvis of the ureter lies among the large renal vessels and is formed by the junction of usually two (and infrequently three) thin-walled tubes, the greater calyces. The greater calyces give off a number of small branches, the lesser calyces, that are short and increase in diameter as they approach the wall of the sinus to which they become attached. Their wide, funnel-like ends envelop the renal papillae and serve as a collecting area for urine. A longitudinal section of the kidney and pelvis of the ureter reveals that the lesser calyces are usually about eight in number, one calyx surrounding two to three papillae. Topographically viewed, the portion of the pelvis of the ureter that lies outside of the kidney has directly in front of it, in addition to the renal vesse...

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Section: The Adventitiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of these cells are completely surrounded by a basement membrane measuring about 400 A thick and lying approximately 400 A from the cell wall (Fig. 2.15) [30].…”

Section: The Adventitiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Histology of the Ureter

Velardo¹

1981

The Ureter

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“…Radiological studies were performed by radiody namic methods, physiological research measured the con tractile and electrical activities of the ureter and flux vari ations by means of electrodes introduced by retrograde ureteral catheterization and morphological studies were carried out by light (1,(20)(21)(22) Available data on the ultrastructure of the muscle coat in the human urinary tract refer only to the ureter and pelvi-ureteric junction (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(32)(33)(34). Data obtained in animals (dogs, rats, rabbits, etc.)…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Radiological studies were performed by radiody namic methods, physiological research measured the con tractile and electrical activities of the ureter and flux vari ations by means of electrodes introduced by retrograde ureteral catheterization and morphological studies were carried out by light (1, [20][21][22] and electron (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34) microscopes. Physiological data are consistent with the hypothesis of a urinary tract pacemaker localized in the upper urinary tract.…”

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confidence: 99%