Electron Microscopy of the Bacteroids and Root Nodules of Lupinus Luteus

Jordan, D. C.; Grinyer, I.

doi:10.1139/m65-095

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…One hypothesis states that rhizobia acquire their membrane envelopes from the host plasma membrane in the course of their entry into the host cells (1,4,6). Others state that the membrane is derived from endoplasmic reticulum (8,9,12), outer nuclear membrane (13), or de novo (3,7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural similarity of the membrane envelopes of rhizobial bacteroids and the host plasma membrane as revealed by freeze-fracturing

Tu¹

1975

J Bacteriol

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The freeze-fracture technique was used to study the host plasma membrane and the membrane envelope of bacteroids in rhizobial root nodules of three host-rhizobium combinations. In all three combinations studied, the membrane envelopes of bacteroids are structurally similar to their host plasma membrane. However, the membrane appears to be reversed, because the number and arrangement of particles in the outer fractured face (face A, concave) and in the inner fractured face (face B, convex) of the host plasma membrane are seen, respectively, in the inner fractured face (face B, convex) and in the outer fractured face (face A, concave) of the membrane envelope of the bacteroids at an early stage. This reversion of the membrane surface is consistent with the hypothesis that the membrane envelopes of bacteroids are derived from the host plasma membrane during endocytotic engulfment.

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confidence: 99%

Structural similarity of the membrane envelopes of rhizobial bacteroids and the host plasma membrane as revealed by freeze-fracturing

Tu¹

1975

J Bacteriol

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“…japonicum (Bergersen 1968), R . lupini (Jordan & Grinyer 1965), R . leguminosarum (Jordan & Coulter 1965), R. meliloti and R. trifolii (Dart & Mercer 1963a, b, 1964 do not show the range of intracellular membranes and granules, nor the extensive internal disorganisation characteristic of distorted cells in culture (Plates 3 and 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Yeast Extract Concentration on Viability and Cell Distortion in Rhizobium spp.

Skinner

Roughley

Chandler

1977

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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A low concentration of yeast extract (0·1%) in liquid media favoured rapid growth and high percentage of viable cells in cultures of Rhizobium japonicum (CB 1809), R. lupini (WU 425), R. meliloti (SU 47), R. trifolii (TA1) and a cowpea strain (CB 756). Concentrations of yeast extract > 0·35% depressed viability and produced distorted cells in all strains except SU 47: TA1 was especially sensitive. When used at 0·5–1% (w/v), each yeast extract (Difco, Oxoid, Vegemite) or casein hydrolysate produced greatly enlarged abnormal cells of TA1, each containing several granules of poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate and whorls of intracytoplasmic membranes, and showing greater internal disorganisation than that seen in root nodule bacteroids. Lysogenic and non‐lysogenic cultures of R. trifolii were all sensitive to yeast extract, and such sensitivity, for strains of several species, was unrelated to effectiveness in nodulating host plants. Glycine inhibited growth of all strains tested. Several other amino acids occurring in casein hydrolysate inhibited TA1 strongly and induced formation of distorted cells and spheroplasts; this distortion was partly counteracted by adding salts of calcium or magnesium. In media with 0·1% yeast extract the use of mannitol, sucrose, lactose or galactose as alternative carbon sources, each at a concentration of 0·02–1%, did not affect numbers of viable rhizobia or cell shape in all strains tested.

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“…With the recognition that there were cytoplasmic membranes separating the bacteroids from the host cytoplasm within the nodule cells (31,47,54,63,64,75) it became important to know the location of the leghaemoglobin within the cell architecture. This proved difficult because the pigment is in solution in the cells and is not associated with cellular particles.…”

Section: Lechaemoglobinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemistry of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes

Bergersen¹

1971

Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol.

147

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Biological nitrogen fixation has been the subject of a number of reviews in this series during the last 10 years (35,36,40,110,128). During this period, beginning with the first successful experiments with cell-free extracts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (41), rapid advances in the understanding of the process of nitrogen fixation have been made. It is now clear that the enzyme complex in all of the organisms studied is similar in nature, in the factors necessary for activity, and in being able to catalyze a number of energy dependent reductions. There are still many important problems to be solved. For example, the role of each of the two components of the complex is not known and the high requirement for energy from ATP is not understood. Most recent reviews, including those from authors other than the above (37, 62, 66, 106), have included references to symbiotic systems. It is now possible to devote an entire review to the biochemistry of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, although most of the information has come from the study of only four legumes-soybeans, lupines, serradella, and peas. Biochemical informa tion from nodulated nonlegumes is still slight and has been adequately re viewed recently (35); it wi1\ therefore not be included in this review. Evans (60) and Bergersen (28) have recently reviewed work done on soybean nodules in their respective laboratories.In this review, the functioning of nodules wi1\ be considered and, with the exception of a brief discussion of the induction of nitrogenase, matters pertaining to the biochemical events involved in the infection of roots and the development of nodules will be omitted. For convenience the material is divided into sections, although all are interrelated. Some of the interrelation ships will be discussed, but to avoid unnecessary duplication, the reader will be left to deduce most of these for himself. The scheme which is presented at the end summarizes the author's understanding of the present state of knowledge. NITROGEN-FIXING PROPERTIES OF INTACT NODULESThis section introduces selected references which give a general account of the factors involved in the functioning of intact nodules.

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Electron Microscopy of the Bacteroids and Root Nodules of Lupinus Luteus

Cited by 23 publications

References 8 publications

Structural similarity of the membrane envelopes of rhizobial bacteroids and the host plasma membrane as revealed by freeze-fracturing

Structural similarity of the membrane envelopes of rhizobial bacteroids and the host plasma membrane as revealed by freeze-fracturing

Effect of Yeast Extract Concentration on Viability and Cell Distortion in Rhizobium spp.

Biochemistry of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes

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