Electron Microscopy of Human Vaginal Epithelium Under Normal and Experimental Conditions

Schuchner, Elsa B.; Foix, A; Borenstein, C. A.; Marchese, Cinzia

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0360231

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…Interestingly, all 3 virions penetrating into the region of AJs appeared to be cell associated, possibly carried there by a resident LC (data not shown). Additionally, to further corroborate cellular junction roles in prohibiting virus penetration, EDTA, a polyamino-carboxylic acid, was utilized to dissociate the robust barriers formed by AJs and TJs (27,28). EDTA treatment of explants resulted in a statistical increase in depth of HIV-1 Ba-L virus penetration (P ϭ 0.001) and a statistical increase in the number of penetrating virions (P Ͻ 0.001) (Fig.…”

Section: Pa-gfp Hiv-1mentioning

confidence: 96%

Defining the Interaction of HIV-1 with the Mucosal Barriers of the Female Reproductive Tract

Carias

McCoombe

McRaven

et al. 2013

J Virol

143

170

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e Worldwide, HIV-1 infects millions of people annually, the majority of whom are women. To establish infection in the female reproductive tract (FRT), HIV-1 in male ejaculate must overcome numerous innate and adaptive immune factors, traverse the genital epithelium, and establish infection in underlying CD4؉ target cells. How the virus achieves this remains poorly defined. By utilizing a new technique, we define how HIV-1 interacts with different tissues of the FRT using human cervical explants and in vivo exposure in the rhesus macaque vaginal transmission model. Despite previous claims of the squamous epithelium being an efficient barrier to virus entry, we reveal that HIV-1 can penetrate both intact columnar and squamous epithelial barriers to depths where the virus can encounter potential target cells. In the squamous epithelium, we identify virus entry occurring through diffusive percolation, penetrating areas where cell junctions are absent. In the columnar epithelium, we illustrate that virus does not transverse barriers as well as previously thought due to mucus impediment. We also show a statistically significant correlation between the viral load of inocula and the ability of HIV-1 to pervade the squamous barrier. Overall, our results suggest a diffusive percolation mechanism for the initial events of HIV-1 entry. With these data, we also mathematically extrapolate the number of HIV-1 particles that penetrate the mucosa per coital act, providing a biological description of the mechanism for HIV-1 transmission during the acute and chronic stages of infection.

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Section: Pa-gfp Hiv-1mentioning

confidence: 96%

Defining the Interaction of HIV-1 with the Mucosal Barriers of the Female Reproductive Tract

Carias

McCoombe

McRaven

et al. 2013

J Virol

143

170

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Electron microscopic observations of vaginal development in untreated and neonatally estrogenized balb/c Crgl mice

1978

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Light and electron microscopic examinations of developing Mullerian vaginae were performed on untreated and neonatally estrogenized mice 1 to 12 days old. Vaginae of 1-day-old mice have a n undifferentiated, pseudostratified columnar epithelium which slowly differentiates in untreated mice into an apparently mucus-secreting epithelium. By day 12 the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), Golgi, and secretion granules are poorly developed features of the apical epithelial cells. In contrast, the stromal cells develop prominent RER and Golgi zones which in part are involved in the synthesis and secretion of collagen, which accumulates in the intercellular spaces.The effect of estradiol on developing vaginal epithelium is observed after 24 hours of exposure as an increase in RER and the Golgi. Estradiol (El accelerates the differentiation of mucus-secreting apical epithelial cells, whose apices become filled with secretory granules, and also promotes the formation of a cornifying epithelium from the underlying basal cells. This latter process is associated with a n increase in cellular proliferation, an increase in the occurrence of desmosomes and associated tonofilaments, and the development of extensive interdigitation of plasma membranes.In untreated and E-treated mice, the vaginal epithelium is separated from the stroma by a continuous, intact basal lamina. Transport of basal laminar material appears to occur via the processes of endo-and/or exocytosis in adjacent epithelial and stromal cells.

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Rectal and Vaginal Absorption of Peptides and Proteins

Muranishi

Yamamoto

Okada

1993

Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

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Electron Microscopy of Human Vaginal Epithelium Under Normal and Experimental Conditions

Abstract: Recent studies have demonstrated that several types of intercellular connections maintain the architecture of the human epithelium (Karrer, 1960; Burgos & Vargas Linares, 1970

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Defining the Interaction of HIV-1 with the Mucosal Barriers of the Female Reproductive Tract

Defining the Interaction of HIV-1 with the Mucosal Barriers of the Female Reproductive Tract

Electron microscopic observations of vaginal development in untreated and neonatally estrogenized balb/c Crgl mice

Rectal and Vaginal Absorption of Peptides and Proteins

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