Electron microscopy investigations of microstructural alterations due to classical Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF) in martensitic AISI 52100 bearing steel

Šmeļova, Viktorija; Schwedt, Alexander; Wang, Ling; Holweger, Walter; Mayer, Joachim

doi:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2017.01.035

Cited by 82 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…RA decomposition is considered to directly correlate to the formation of the DER . Therefore, the results of the FEA modeling of RA decomposition were compared with experimental observations of DER formation.…”

Section: Der Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To incorporate the effect of habit planes, crystal orientations are randomly assigned to each element within the model. For SAE 52100, the habit planes are approximated as [2,2,5] using miller indices. 44 Shear and normal stresses are then resolved along habit planes based on the assigned crystal orientation.…”

Section: Driving Force Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anoop et al developed a model to characterize the material properties of 52100 steel as a function of RA concentration. The effectiveness of such a model is apparent in static loading conditions but not applicable for fatigue considerations as material microstructures evolve due to continuous periodic loading …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smelova et al recently applied electron microscopy and nanoindentation to investigate material variations within 52100 steel microstructure due to RCF. They observed a reduction in material hardness from 10 GPa (Nano Berkovich hardness) to 7.5 to 7.9 GPa in the DER region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effectiveness of such a model is apparent in static loading conditions but not applicable for fatigue considerations as material microstructures evolve due to continuous periodic loading. [3][4][5][6][7] Microstructural evolution caused by cyclic loading has been a topic of interest for the past 50 years. It is well known that SAE 52100 through hardened bearing steels undergo a microstructural morphology when subjected to RCF.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel approach for modeling retained austenite transformations during rolling contact fatigue

Sadeghi

Chen

Wang

et al. 2017

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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Retained austenite (RA) transformation in martensitic steels subjected to rolling contact fatigue (RCF) is a well‐established phenomenon. In this investigation, a novel approach is developed to predict martensitic transformations of RA in steels subjected to RCF. In order to achieve the objectives, a 2‐dimensional finite element model was developed to determine subsurface stresses due to rolling contact. These stresses are utilized within a continuum damage mechanics framework to determine RA transformations as a function of depth and cycles. Phase transformations were determined by comparing the required thermodynamic driving force for transformations to the energy dissipation of the microstructure. The results obtained from the combined FEA and continuum damage mechanics model were corroborated to the experimental results for RA decomposition as a function of depth and cycle for SAE 52100 steel. The results obtained are in good agreement with observed RA decomposition and DER formation as compared with the experimental results.

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Section: Der Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Driving Force Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel approach for modeling retained austenite transformations during rolling contact fatigue

Sadeghi

Chen

Wang

et al. 2017

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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Refining the mechanistic understanding of microstructural decay during rolling contact fatigue in 52100 bearing steel tempered at high temperature

Loaiza,

Babu,

Ooi

et al. 2023

J Mater Sci

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Subsurface rolling contact fatigue (RCF) failure occurs beneath heavily loaded hard contacts like gears, bearings, and cams. This study investigates microstructural decay beneath a RCF-tested surface in AISI/SAE 52100 bearing steel tempered at 240 ℃. RCF tests were conducted at 100 ℃ with a maximum Hertzian contact pressure of 4 GPa for four stress cycles. Microstructural characterization utilized scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, transmission Kikuchi diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Due to high tempering temperature, white etching bands (WEBs) were observed without preceding dark etching regions. The microstructural decay sequence involved: (1) formation of elongated ferrite and ferrite microbands, (2) complete dissolution of tempered carbides and partial dissolution of residual cementite, (3) formation of WEBs composed of nano-sized ferrite grains (100–300 nm) transformed from ferrite microbands, and (4) appearance of lenticular carbides. Within the WEBs, most nano-sized grains had high-angle grain boundaries, while the fraction of low-angle grain boundaries increased in later stages of RCF. Lenticular carbides formed alongside elongated ferrite and coalesced nano-sized ferritic grains.

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The Effect of Lubricant Composition on White Etching Crack Failures

Gould

Demas

Pollard³

et al. 2018

Tribol Lett

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Electron microscopy investigations of microstructural alterations due to classical Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF) in martensitic AISI 52100 bearing steel

Cited by 82 publications

References 22 publications

A novel approach for modeling retained austenite transformations during rolling contact fatigue

A novel approach for modeling retained austenite transformations during rolling contact fatigue

Refining the mechanistic understanding of microstructural decay during rolling contact fatigue in 52100 bearing steel tempered at high temperature

The Effect of Lubricant Composition on White Etching Crack Failures

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