Electron microscopical examinations of grafted nitrocellulose

Tang, Lie‐Gui; Zhu, Yayun; Kennedy, John F.

doi:10.1016/0144-8617(92)90161-i

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This may be because NC is flammable and explosive. The groups of Sudhakar [31][32][33][34] and Tang [35] completed a lot of research on NC graft copolymerization with methyl methacrylate. Using methyl isobutyl ketone as the medium and BPO as the initiator, the synthesis of NC-g-AISO was carried out by graft copolymerization of AISO onto NC in a homogeneous medium.…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrocellulose (NC) is the nitration product of cellulose that can be dissoluble in some organic solvents, such as ethyl acetate and acetone. In spite of its excellent membrane-forming performance and its applications in surface coating industries [26][27][28][29][30], little research appeared in the literature dealing with the graft copolymerization of NC by vinyl monomer until grafting of methyl methacrylate onto NC had been reported [31][32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and Photochromic Performance of Homogeneous Phase Nitrocellulose Membrane Grafting Spirooxazine Moieties

Sun

Yao

et al. 2020

Coatings

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The synthesis of 1,3,3-trimethyl-9′-acryloxyspiro[indoline-2,3′(3H)naphtho[2,1-b][l,4]-oxazine] (AISO) was carried out by catalytic esterification of 1,3,3-trimethyl-9′-hydroxyspiro-[indoline-2,3′(3H)naphtho[2,1-b][l,4]oxazine] (SO–OH) and acrylic acid in the presence of 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). Then, the synthesis of the target copolymer (NC-g-AISO) was was carried out by benzoyl peroxide (BPO)-induced graft copolymerization of the AISO monomer onto nitrocellulose (NC) in a homogeneous methyl isobutyl ketone medium. The structure of NC-g-AISO was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (IR) spectroscopy, 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The photochromic properties of NC-g-AISO were investigated by examining UV–Vis spectra in ethyl acetate solution and solid membrane. Compared with the AISO monomer in ethyl acetate solution, the thermal color decay stability of the colored form of NC-g-AISO in ethyl acetate solution and in solid membrane improved significantly. The thermal color decay reaction rate constants in ethyl acetate solution and membrane at 25 °C were 1.77 × 10–2 and 1.36 × 10–3 s–1, respectively, fitted using the first-order reaction equation. After ten photochromic cycles, the relative absorption intensity of the colored form of NC-g-AISO decreased by 0.85%, indicating that the NC-g-AISO membrane has good reversible photochromic behavior.

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Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Photochromic Performance of Homogeneous Phase Nitrocellulose Membrane Grafting Spirooxazine Moieties

Sun

Yao

et al. 2020

Coatings

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Effect of grafting with acrylic monomers on the viscosity, gelatinization temperature, and granule swelling characteristics of starch

Aravindakshan

Kumar

2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Amylography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies on grafted copolymers of starch with methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate demonstrated significant changes in the viscosity and granule disintegration characteristics, depending on the extent of grafting and the nature of the monomer. Marked viscosity changes were observed when the carboxyl groups of the starch-graft-poly(methacrylic acid) (SPMAA) were neutralized with sodium hydroxide. The viscosity modification was found to be dependent on the extent of neutralization, and a maximum was observed at 10 -25% neutralization. With an increase in extent of neutralization, there was a decrease in gelatinization temperature. For a sample of SPMAA with a percentage grafting of 14.1, the gelatinization temperature decreased from 64°C for the acid form to 42°C for the fully neutralized form. The gelatinization temperature of the fully neutralized samples of SPMAA showed a linear relationship with the percentage grafting. SEM was used to elucidate the effect of grafting on the granule swelling characteristics of starch at various temperatures. In the case of starch-graft-polymethyl methacrylate (SPMMA), granule disruption on heating with water was observed. However, this did not lead to the build-up of viscosity on gelatinization. This was explained to be caused by the hydrophobic nature of SPMMA.

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Chemically induced graft copolymerization of itaconic acid onto cellulose fibers

Sabaa

Mokhtar

2002

Polymer Testing

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Electron microscopical examinations of grafted nitrocellulose

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Preparation and Photochromic Performance of Homogeneous Phase Nitrocellulose Membrane Grafting Spirooxazine Moieties

Preparation and Photochromic Performance of Homogeneous Phase Nitrocellulose Membrane Grafting Spirooxazine Moieties

Effect of grafting with acrylic monomers on the viscosity, gelatinization temperature, and granule swelling characteristics of starch

Chemically induced graft copolymerization of itaconic acid onto cellulose fibers

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