Electron Microscopic Study of Macrophages Appearing in a Stab Wound of the Brain of Rats Following Intravenous Injection of Carbon Particles

Ling, Eng‐Ang

doi:10.1679/aohc1950.42.41

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Up to now, researchers have studied microglial phagocytosis in adulthood mainly by using exogenous phagocytic targets, such as cells killed ex vivo or various types of beads. Such targets are usually delivered by their direct injection into the CNS, disrupting the blood–brain barrier, which results in parenchymal injury, peripheral monocyte engraftment (Ling, 1979), complement and IgG deposition, and activation of microglia (Obermeier et al, 2013). Documentation of microglial clearance of neuronal and myelin debris has been well characterized previously, with a heavy emphasis placed on cuprizone models of demyelination and spinal cord injury (Smith, 1999; Greenhalgh and David, 2014; Gudi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal integrity and complement control synaptic material clearance by microglia after CNS injury

Norris

Smirnov

Filiano

et al. 2018

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal integrity and complement control synaptic material clearance by microglia after CNS injury

Norris

Smirnov

Filiano

et al. 2018

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…On the one hand, microglial cells are considered to be of mesenchymal origin; monocytes from the blood invade the early postnatal CNS and become amoeboid microglia which then differentiate into ramified microglia which are found in the normal adult brain (Fig. 3a) (Imamoto & Leblond, 1978;Boya et al, 1979;Ling, 1979;Ling et al, 1980;Perry et al, 1985). A second group of authors support the view that microglial cells have a neuroectodermal origin (Vaughn & Peters, 1968;Fujita & Kitamura, 1975;Schelper & Adrian, 1986).…”

Section: Blood-borne Macrophagesmentioning

confidence: 97%

The role of macrophage subpopulations in autoimmune disease of the central nervous system

et al. 1996

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In this review the role of various subpopulations of macrophages in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyetitis is discussed. Immunohistochemistry with macrophage markers shows that in this disease different populations of macrophages (i.e. perivascular cells, microglia and infiltrating blood-borne macrophages) are present in the central nervous system. These subpopulations partially overlap in some functional activity while other activities seem to be restricted to a distinct subpopulation, indicating that these subpopulations have different roles in the pathogenesis of encephalomyelitis. The studies discussed in this review reveal that immunocytochemical and morphological studies, combined with new techniques such as in situ nick translation and experimental approaches like the use of bone marrow chimeras and macrophage depletion techniques, give valuable information about the types and functions of cells involved in central nervous system inflammation. The review is divided in three parts. In the first part the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model is introduced. The second part gives an overview of the origin, morphology and functions of the various subpopulations. In the third part the role of these subpopulations is discussed in relation to the various stages (i.e. preclinical, clinical and recovery) of the experimental disease.

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“…Earlier studies showed that peripheral monocytes labeled with carbon particles and transferred into syngeneic rats migrated into the brain in a model of stab wound injury where the blood brain-barrier (BBB) was disrupted, and these migrating cells started to transform into amoeboid microglia after 5 days of transfer [17, 18]. In addition, incubation of blood monocytes and spleen macrophages with astrocytes or astrocyte conditioned medium in vitro transformed these cells phenotypically into microglia [19].…”

Section: Trafficking Of Mononuclear Phagocytes Into the Normal Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Mononuclear Phagocyte Recruitment in Alzheimers Disease

Hickman¹,

Khoury²

2010

CNSNDDT

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with a significant neuroinflammatory component. Mononuclear phagocytes including monocytes and microglia are the principal cells involved, and they accumulate at perivascular sites of β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and in senile plaques. Recent evidence suggests that mononuclear phagocyte accumulation in the AD brain is dependent on chemokines. CCL2, a major monocyte chemokine, is upregulated in the AD brain. Interaction of CCL2 with its receptor CCR2 regulates mononuclear phagocyte accumulation in a mouse model of AD. CCR2 deficiency leads to lower mononuclear phagocyte accumulation and is associated with higher brain Aβ levels, specifically around blood vessels, suggesting that monocytes accumulate at sites of Aβ deposition in an initial attempt to clear these deposits and stop or delay their neurotoxic effects. Indeed, enhancing mononuclear phagocyte accumulation delays progression of AD. Here we review the mechanisms of mononuclear phagocyte accumulation in AD and discuss the potential roles of additional chemokines and their receptors in this process. We also propose a multi-step model for recruitment of mononuclear phagocytes into the brain. The first step involves egress of monocyte/microglial precursors from the bone marrow into the blood. The second step is crossing the blood-brain barrier to the perivascular areas and into the brain parenchyma. The final step includes movement of monocytes/microglia from areas of the brain that lack any amyloid deposition to senile plaques. Understanding the mechanism of recruitment of mononuclear phagocytes to the AD brain is necessary to further understand the role of these cells in the pathogenesis of AD and to identify any potential therapeutic use of these cells for the treatment of this disease.

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Electron Microscopic Study of Macrophages Appearing in a Stab Wound of the Brain of Rats Following Intravenous Injection of Carbon Particles

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Neuronal integrity and complement control synaptic material clearance by microglia after CNS injury

Neuronal integrity and complement control synaptic material clearance by microglia after CNS injury

The role of macrophage subpopulations in autoimmune disease of the central nervous system

Mechanisms of Mononuclear Phagocyte Recruitment in Alzheimers Disease

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