Electron Microscopic Study of Lipopolysaccharide from an Avian Strain of
            <i>Escherichia coli</i>
            O18

Lopes, João Brisson; Inniss, W. E.

doi:10.1128/jb.103.1.238-243.1970

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The electron microscopic examination of uranyl formate stained LPS from S. typhimurium strain 7 (12) and E. coli 018 (23) showed a ribbon-like structure (fila- mentous form) with branching, whereas, LPS from S. typhimurium stained with ammonium molybdate showed a spherical structure (19). Ribi et al (18) and Lopes and Innes (13) reported that LPS isolated from S. enteritidis S-795 and E. colt 018, respectively, appeared as branching ribbons when stained with phosphotungstate and tungstate. These studies suggested that the ultrastructure of LPS was dependent on the staining methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Ultrastructural Comparison of Endotoxins Extracted from Salmonella minnesota Wild Type and R Mutants

Amano

Fukushi

1984

Microbiology and Immunology

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Endotoxic lipopolysaccharide and glycolipids (RGl) extracted from Salmonella minnesota wild type and R mutant cells (chemotypes Ra, Rb, Re, Rd1, and Rd2), respectively, with hot phenol‐water (PW) and phenol‐chloroform‐petroleum ether (PCP) were analyzed chemically and electron microscopically. All RGl extracted with PW (RGl‐PW) contained excess amounts of phosphate, O‐ester linked fatty acids and neutral sugars, while all RGl extracted with PCP (RGl‐PCP) contained excess amounts of free amino groups and fatty acids, in addition to the RGl constituents. Polyamine (cadaverine), phosphoethanolamine, and an unidentified amino compound were contained in RGl‐PCP as free amino groups. When stained with uranyl formate, the ultrastructure of RGl‐PW showed a spherical form (onion‐like form), whereas the micrographs of RGl‐PCP showed a filamentous structure, regardless of strain differences. On the other hand, the micrographs of RGl‐PW represented spherical and doughnut‐shaped forms, and the micrographs of RGl‐PCP showed filamentous or stick forms, when stained with uranyl acetate. Thus, it is suggested that the ultrastructures of RGl were dominated by the solvent systems used for extraction, and not by the strains used here.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Ultrastructural Comparison of Endotoxins Extracted from Salmonella minnesota Wild Type and R Mutants

Amano

Fukushi

1984

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…Whereas KDO and heptose have been identified in bacterial sources other than LPS, ,8-hydroxymyristic acid has only in a few cases been encountered in bacterial lipids other than lipid A (12), and the presence of all three LPS markers together in this listerial macromolecule is surprising. Physical characteristics of the purified listerial component, such as structural appearance in electron micrographs (14,19,33,41), sedimentation velocity in analytical ultracentrifugation analysis (26), and infrared spectra, are similar to those reported for gramnegative LPSs. Toxic effects in rabbits, as well as activity in two assays specific for LPS (the limulus lysate and carbocyanine dye assays) provide a further link of this material to other gramnegative endotoxins.…”

Section: Infrared Absorption Spectra the Infraredmentioning

confidence: 52%

Isolation, characterization, and biological properties of an endotoxin-like material from the gram-positive organism Listeria monocytogenes

Wexler¹,

Oppenheim²

1979

Infect Immun

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The bacterial component responsible for the induction of transient cold agglutinin syndrome in rabbits after intravenous injection of heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes type 4B has been purified and biologically and chemically characterized. A purified immunoglobulin M cold agglutinin was prepared from hightiter sera resulting from the immunization of rabbits with heat-killed L. monocytogenes type 4B and was subsequently used to monitor the purification of the bacterial component responsible for its induction. The bacterial component was isolated from a hot phenol-water extract of lyophilized L. monocytogenes type 4B by multiple molecular sieve chromatography. Upon chemical analysis the purified material was found to be strikingly similar in chemical composition to gram-negative lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. The material contained 15% total fatty acid (of which 50% was fB-hydroxymyristic acid), 40 to 45% neutral sugar (glucose, galactose, and rhamnose), 11.5% amino sugar, 12% uronic acid, 2.5% 2keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid, 2% heptose, 0.87% phosphorus, and 1.6% amino acid, thereby accounting for 85 to 90% of the weight of the component. Electron micrographs of the purified material were similar to those of lipopolysaccharide preparations from gram-negative organisms. The purified material exists in aqueous solutions as large aggregates, but can be dissociated into a single smaller subunit (3.1S) by dialysis against sodium dodecyl sulfate buffer. The listerial component was toxic and pyrogenic to rabbits, producing symptoms typical of gram-negative endotoxins. Activity in the limulus lysate gelation assay and in the carbocyanine dye assay provides a further link of this material with classical gram-negative endotoxins.The clinical significance of Listeria monocytogenes, a gram-positive diphtheroid-like rod of the family Corynebacteriaceae, is becoming increasingly recognized (13). Infection in humans may result in encephalitis, meningitis, septicemia, and abortion. A peculiar result of some septicemic listeric infections in humans is the induction of a transient cold agglutinin syndrome in which antibodies are induced that can react with the host's own erythrocytes under appropriate conditions, causing a complementmediated in vivo lysis (17). The antibodies responsible for this phenomenon are of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) class and appear to be directed against the I blood group system (5).Costea and co-workers (5) developed an animal model of this response by the intravenous injection of heat-killed L. monocytogenes serotype 4B (HKLM) into rabbits. The cold agglutinin syndrome so produced was found to mimic that which occurs in humans in symptomology and pathology and was caused by IgM antibod-ies. Their results further indicated that this IgM antibody was not only induced by and directed against the HKLM, but was also able to crossreact with the erythrocytes of the host as well as other xenogenic erythrocytes which possess I blood group antigen(s). Costea et al. (7) were subsequently able to show that a crude frac...

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“…Morphological feature of LPS is very similar to lipids in that suspension of LPS in water is polymorphic showing bilayer (2,6,7,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) or hexagonal (2,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) arrangement. On the basis of the results of the present study, morphology of different types of the electrodialyzed Salmonella R-form LPS suspended in 50 mm iris buffer containing no or 10 mm MgCl2 is diagramed by mimicking the morphology of lipids (1, 3) ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Relationship between Mg²⁺‐Induced Hexagonal Assembly of R‐Form Lipopolysaccharides and Chemical Structure of Their R‐Cores

Kato

Ohta

Kido

et al. 1990

Microbiology and Immunology

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The relationship between formation of the Mg2(+)-induced hexagonal lattice structure by R-form lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and chemical structure of their R-cores was investigated using different kinds of R-form LPS from a series of mutants of Salmonella minnesota or S. typhimurium. The optimal experimental condition for formation of the hexagonal lattice structure was to suspend LPS preparations, from which cationic material was removed by electrodialysis, in 50 mM tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane buffer at pH 8.5 containing 10 mM MgCl2. Under this experimental condition, Rb1 LPS formed the hexagonal lattice structure with the lattice constant of 14.0 +/- 0.2 nm. Ra LPS, which possesses the full length of R-core, also formed the hexagonal lattice structure but its lattice constant was larger (18.1 +/- 0.2 nm) than that of Rb1 LPS (the lattice structure by Ra LPS was looser than that by Rb1 LPS). All the other R-form LPS preparations tested, RcP+, PcP-, Rd1P-, and Re LPS, whose R-cores are shorter than that of Rb1 LPS, did not form the hexagonal lattice structure, but formed membranous structures showing various shapes which consisted of multiple bilayer structures. Failure to form the hexagonal lattice structure was the common feature of these kinds of R-form LPS irrespective of temperature at which the LPS suspensions in 10 mM MgCl2-50 mM Tris buffer were incubated. From the results of the present study it was concluded that capability of R-form LPS to form the hexagonal lattice structure has a close correlation with the chemical structure of their R-cores.

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Electron Microscopic Study of Lipopolysaccharide from an Avian Strain of Escherichia coli O18

Cited by 28 publications

References 13 publications

Chemical and Ultrastructural Comparison of Endotoxins Extracted from Salmonella minnesota Wild Type and R Mutants

Chemical and Ultrastructural Comparison of Endotoxins Extracted from Salmonella minnesota Wild Type and R Mutants

Isolation, characterization, and biological properties of an endotoxin-like material from the gram-positive organism Listeria monocytogenes

Relationship between Mg²⁺‐Induced Hexagonal Assembly of R‐Form Lipopolysaccharides and Chemical Structure of Their R‐Cores

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Electron Microscopic Study of Lipopolysaccharide from an Avian Strain of Escherichia coli O18

Cited by 28 publications

References 13 publications

Chemical and Ultrastructural Comparison of Endotoxins Extracted from Salmonella minnesota Wild Type and R Mutants

Chemical and Ultrastructural Comparison of Endotoxins Extracted from Salmonella minnesota Wild Type and R Mutants

Isolation, characterization, and biological properties of an endotoxin-like material from the gram-positive organism Listeria monocytogenes

Relationship between Mg2+‐Induced Hexagonal Assembly of R‐Form Lipopolysaccharides and Chemical Structure of Their R‐Cores

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Relationship between Mg²⁺‐Induced Hexagonal Assembly of R‐Form Lipopolysaccharides and Chemical Structure of Their R‐Cores