Electron Microscopic Observation of the Invasion Process of Cryptosporidium Parvum in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Mice

Umemiya, Rika; Fukuda, Minoru; Fujisaki, Kozo; Matsui, Toshihiro

doi:10.1645/ge-508r.1

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Nevertheless, several key developmental stages representing both asexual and sexual reproduction were observed, including sporozoites, trophozoites, and types I and II meronts. The observation of morphological changes of Cryptosporidium sporozoites agrees with previous in-vivo and in-vitro culture observations [34-36], including sporozoites becoming oval shaped during the trophozoite transformation process. Although previous studies by Petry et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Multiplication of the waterborne pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum in an aquatic biofilm system

et al. 2013

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BackgroundIn natural aquatic environments biofilms are known to act as environmental reservoirs for Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. However, the fate of these oocysts within biofilms has yet to be determined.MethodsThis study aimed to identify if biofilms have the ability to support the multiplication of Cryptosporidium by measuring the change in parasite number over time using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and detecting the possible extracellular developmental stages using a combination of confocal microscopy and immunolabelling techniques. Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm flow cell systems were established and C. parvum oocysts were constantly supplied over a six day period.ResultsA significant (P < 0.001) increase in Cryptosporidium was detected as the biofilm matured, with the total number of C. parvum multiplying 2–3 fold during this period. With this, various Cryptosporidium developmental stages (sporozoites, trophozoites, type I and II meronts) were identified from the biofilm.ConclusionThis is the first study demonstrating that biofilms not only serve as an environmental reservoir for oocysts, but are also capable of supporting the multiplication of Cryptosporidium over time in an aquatic environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Multiplication of the waterborne pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum in an aquatic biofilm system

et al. 2013

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“…The OPG value reached 10 6 and the patency was 10 days in the 21 st ICR mice, although the irregular change in mean OPG value was shown from the 2 nd through the 15 th mice inoculated with oocysts of the cattle strain. We have also reported that the invasion process of C. parvum in SCID mice was examined by electron microscopy, and then parasites attached among microvilli, were enveloped with the membrane derived from numerous microvilli, and developed within the host cell (Umemiya et al 2005). The present study proposed a possibility of a useful experimental model, and the fact that immunocompetent mice are available for infection experiments of C. parvum, as shown in the present study, will be a greatly help for much research, such as assay systems in the development of vaccine, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy in the near future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation and immunogenicity of Cryptosporidium parvum to immunocompetent mice

Matsuo

Tsuge

Umemiya‐Shirafuji

et al. 2014

Acta Parasitologica

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The adaptation and immunogenisity of Cryptosporidium parvum isolated from Siberian chipmunks (SC1 strain) in immunocompetent (ICR) mice were examined. The oocysts were received to the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice by repeated passage. The oocysts collected from the 18 th SCID mice were inoculated to 5 ICR mice. The mice began to shed oocysts from 6 days after inoculation, the patency was 5 days, and the maximum oocysts per gram of feces (OPG) value was 10 4 . The maximum of OPG value was gradually increased by successive passage, and finally that in the 22 nd mice reached 10 6 (patency: 11 days). It is considered that these results indicate completion of their adaptation to ICR mice. To examine the immunogenicity of C. parvum to ICR mice, 8 groups of 5 mice each were inoculated with 1.3 × 10 6 oocysts of SC1 strain, which were collected after adaptation to SCID mice. All groups shed oocysts from 6 th day, and their patency was from 8 to 12 days. On the 21 st day after the primary infection, these mice were challenged with 1.3 × 10 6 oocysts. No oocysts shed from any groups, although 2 control groups shed oocysts from the 6 th day, and their OPG values were more than 10 6 . These results suggest that this strain has strong immunogenicity against ICR mice. Therefore, the immunological healthy mice were considered a useful experimental model to investigate immunological and drug treatments in the strain of C. parvum.

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“…Cryptosporidium zoites are attached to the host cell through a special organelle, called a feeder organelle, which remains enigmatic in some aspects of its formation and function even though it has been described in detail (e.g. Lumb et al 1988; O'Hara et al 2005; Umemiya et al 2005; Yoshikawa and Iseki 1992). For example, the origin of the anterior vacuole still remains unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Baudoin 1969; Desportes 1967; Devauchelle 1968; Hildebrand 1976; Ormières 1977; Ormières and Daumal 1970; Ormières and Marqués 1976; Schrével 1971; Schrével and Vivier 1966; Tronchin and Schrével 1977; Valigurová and Koudela 2005) and cryptosporidians (e.g. Aydin 1999; Current and Reese 1986; Huang, Chen, and LaRusso 2004; Lumb et al 1988; O'Hara et al 2005; Petry and Harris 1999; Tetley et al 1998; Umemiya et al 2005; Uni et al 1987; Yoshikawa and Iseki 1992) were analyzed, no ultrastructural comparison of their attachment sites was made. Here, we analyse the possible sister relationship between gregarines and cryptosporidians on the ultrastructural level and offer a more detailed description and direct comparison of host–parasite interactions in these two apicomplexans.…”

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confidence: 99%

An Ultrastructural Comparison of the Attachment Sites Between Gregarina steini and Cryptosporidium muris

Valigurová

Hofmannová

Koudela

et al. 2007

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Early developmental stages of Gregarina steini Berndt, 1902 from the intestine of Tenebrio molitor larvae were studied by transmission electron microscopy. The formation and structure of the eugregarine attachment site were compared with comparable features found on the feeder organelle of Cryptosporidium muris Tyzzer, 1907, from the stomach of experimentally infected rodents. The similarity of the attachment strategy between both organisms was revealed. The membrane fusion site in G. steini, formed by the trophozoite plasma membrane, host cell plasma membrane and a membrane-like structure limiting the cortical zone of the epimerite, resembles the Y-shaped membrane junction between the host cell plasma membrane, the trophozoite plasma membrane and membrane surrounding the anterior vacuole in C. muris. The anterior vacuole of C. muris appears to be the precursor of the feeder organelle and its structure is very similar to the epimeritic bud and the cortical zone of G. steini trophozoites. In both investigated organisms, the apical complex disappears early during cell invasion. The possibility of the epicellular location of Cryptosporidium on the surface of host cells is discussed.

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Electron Microscopic Observation of the Invasion Process of Cryptosporidium Parvum in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Mice

Cited by 34 publications

References 14 publications

Multiplication of the waterborne pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum in an aquatic biofilm system

Multiplication of the waterborne pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum in an aquatic biofilm system

Adaptation and immunogenicity of Cryptosporidium parvum to immunocompetent mice

An Ultrastructural Comparison of the Attachment Sites Between Gregarina steini and Cryptosporidium muris

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