Electron microscopic investigation on the osteogenesis at titanium implant/bone marrow interface under masticatory loading

Abstract

Electron microscopic investigation on osteogenetic process at the implant surface of threadless rod-type titanium implants with different surface roughness of Ra 0.4 +/- 0.01 microm, Sm 2.6 +/- 0.3 microm and Ra 2.0 +/- 0.12 microm, Sm 36 +/- 9.1 microm was performed at the early stage of 21 and 42 days post implantation into the jawbones of four beagles under the load bearing condition of functional mastication. The implant surfaces were covered with a blood clot and haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) including phagocytic monocytes immediately after the implantation. Successively, osteogenic stem cells (OSC) migrated from cortical and/or trabecular endosteum to the HSC-layer on the implant surface. The new bone formation at the implant/bone marrow interface was developed by collaboration of osteomediator cells (OMC) differentiated from monocytes of HSC and osteoblast phenotype cells of OSC derived from endosteum of cortical bone and/or trabecular. The new bone layer at the implant surface consisted of two layers, solution-mediated calcification layer of pseudo bone and cell (osteoblast) -mediated calcification layer of true bone. The pseudo bone was produced by solution-mediated calcification of OMC- and HSC-remnants near by the implant surface. The bone healing process at the implant/bone marrow interface depended upon two factors; the migration of OSC from cortical and/or trabecular endosteum to the implant surface and the healing potentiality. Topographic dependency upon the bone healing potential at implant/bone marrow interface was not confirmed in this experiment under the load bearing condition of functional mastication.

Bone formation at the surface of low modulus Ti–7.5Mo implants in rabbit femur

“…This is probably owing to that Section 1 was nearest to the endosteum of the cortical bone, from which new bone tissue at the implant originated. An earlier work using electron microscopy supported that the osteoblasts of endosteum of cortical or trabecular bone could migrate to the titanium implant/bone marrow interface and undergo intramembranous bone formation [25].…”

In‐vitro and in‐vivo evaluation of a new Ti‐15Mo‐1Bi alloy

“…An earlier work by Kawahara demonstrated that the osteoblasts of endosteum of cortical or trabecular bone could migrate to the titanium implant/bone marrow interface and undergo intramembranous bone formation. 23 The new bone in section 2 of Ti-15Mo-1Bi group, similar to that of section 1, may also have originated from the endosteum and remained constant in amount throughout 26 weeks. By contrast, in the Ti-6Al-4V group, the bone area of section 2 at 26 weeks becomes significantly reduced as compared with those at 6 and 12 weeks, indicating a retraction or absorption of the new bone tissue in the later period.…”

Deposition of silicon oxide hard coatings by low‐temperature radio‐frequency plasmas

“…A purported assumption is that section 1 was nearest to the endosteum of the cortical bone, from which most of the new bone tissue surrounding the implant originated. An earlier work by Kawahara demonstrated that the osteoblasts of endosteum of cortical or trabecular bone could migrate to the titanium implant/bone marrow interface and undergo intramembranous bone formation 23. The new bone in section 2 of Ti‐15Mo‐1Bi group, similar to that of section 1, may also have originated from the endosteum and remained constant in amount throughout 26 weeks.…”