Electron field emission from thin fine-grained CVD diamond films

Lacher, F.; Wild, C.; Behr, D.; Koidl, P.

doi:10.1016/s0925-9635(97)00020-4

Cited by 80 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…QPY, IIEE, and SEE are surface processes and, therefore, the electron supply to the surface is very important in these types of emission, even when the current of the outgoing electrons is as low as several pA. Field emission is a more complex process. The sp 2 carbon at Full Paper the grain boundaries not only contributes to the conductivity of the nanometer-thick films, but most probably also serves as the emitting ''tips'', [100,101] thus facilitating the FEE from these films at low threshold fields.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Diamond Grain Size on Hydrogen Concentration, Bonding Configuration, and Electron Emission Properties of Polycrystalline‐Diamond Films

Michaelson

Ternyak

Akhvlediani

et al. 2008

Chemical Vapor Deposition

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In the present work we review our recent studies of the incorporation of hydrogen and its bonding configuration in diamond films composed of diamond grains of varying size. Polycrystalline-diamond films are deposited by three different methods; hot filament (HF), microwave (MW) and direct current glow discharge (DCGD)CVD. The size of the diamond grains which constitute the films varies in the following way; hundreds of nanometers in the case of HFCVD (''submicrometer size'', $300 nm), tens of nanometers in the case of MWCVD (3-30 nm), and a few nanometers in the case of DCGDCVD (''ultra nanocrystalline diamond'', $5 nm). Raman spectroscopy (RS), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) are applied to investigate the hydrogen trapping in the films. The hydrogen retention of the diamond films increases with decreasing grain size, indicating the likelihood that hydrogen is bonded and trapped in grain boundaries, as well as on the internal grain surfaces. RS and HREELS analyses show that at least part of this hydrogen is bonded to sp 2 -and sp 3 -hybridized carbon, thus giving rise to typical C-H vibration modes. Both vibrational spectroscopies show the increase of sp 2 C-H modes in transition from sub-micrometer to ultra nanocrystalline grain size. The impact of diamond grain size on the shape of the RS and HREELS hydrogenated diamond spectra is discussed. In addition, the dependence of electron emission properties on film thickness and diamond grain size is reported.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Diamond Grain Size on Hydrogen Concentration, Bonding Configuration, and Electron Emission Properties of Polycrystalline‐Diamond Films

Michaelson

Ternyak

Akhvlediani

et al. 2008

Chemical Vapor Deposition

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“…The I Â V data are well represented by assuming a Fowler-Nordheim emission mechanism. In the case of a parallel plane geometry, if d represents the distance anode-cathode, the density of current J as a function of the electric field E 0 ¼ V=d is given by JðE 0 Þ ¼ aE 2 0 expðÀg=E 0 Þ, where, V is In the configuration of sphere-to-plane setup electrodes such as those used in this paper, a correction of the F-N equation is necessary and the following expression is obtained for the I Â V relationship: 18,19 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) the effective emission area A eff depends on the applied voltage due to the fact that the anode is curved. 18 It is common to establish the relationship between / and b from the slope of Eq. (2) or the interception of the curve to the ordinate axis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of O2+, H2++ O2+, and N2++ O2+ ion-beam irradiation on the field emission properties of carbon nanotubes

Acuña

Escobar

Goyanes³

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physics

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The effect of O2+, H2++ O2+, and N2++ O2+ ion-beam irradiation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) films on the chemical and electronic properties of the material is reported. The CNTs were grown by the chemical vapor deposition technique (CVD) on silicon TiN coated substrates previously decorated with Ni particles. The Ni decoration and TiN coating were successively deposited by ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD) and afterwards the nanotubes were grown. The whole deposition procedure was performed in situ as well as the study of the effect of ion-beam irradiation on the CNTs by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Raman scattering, field-effect emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), and field emission (FE) measurements were performed ex situ. The experimental data show that: (a) the presence of either H2+ or N2+ ions in the irradiation beam determines the oxygen concentration remaining in the samples as well as the studied structural characteristics; (b) due to the experimental conditions used in the study, no morphological changes have been observed after irradiation of the CNTs; (c) the FE experiments indicate that the electron emission from the CNTs follows the Fowler-Nordheim model, and it is dependent on the oxygen concentration remaining in the samples; and (d) in association with FE results, the XPS data suggest that the formation of terminal quinone groups decreases the CNTs work function of the material.

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“…Electron field emission from various carbon films, such as chemical vapour deposited (CVD) diamond, CVD graphite, carbon nanotubes, amorphous carbon and nanostructured carbon is of great interest because it occurs from flat films without the need to form microtips [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Emission from these materials can occur for applied fields of 10 volts per micrometer or less.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Emission Site Densities of Nanostructured Carbon

2001

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The field emission properties of nanostructured carbon films deposited by cathodic vacuum arc in a He atmosphere have been studied by measuring the emission currents and the emission site density. The films have an onset field of -3 V/gm. The emission site density is viewed on a phosphor anode and it increases rapidly with applied field. It is assumed that the emission occurs from surface regions with a range of field enhancement factors but with a constant work function. The field enhancement factor is found to have an exponential distribution.

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Electron field emission from thin fine-grained CVD diamond films

Cited by 80 publications

References 12 publications

The Impact of Diamond Grain Size on Hydrogen Concentration, Bonding Configuration, and Electron Emission Properties of Polycrystalline‐Diamond Films

The Impact of Diamond Grain Size on Hydrogen Concentration, Bonding Configuration, and Electron Emission Properties of Polycrystalline‐Diamond Films

Effect of O2+, H2++ O2+, and N2++ O2+ ion-beam irradiation on the field emission properties of carbon nanotubes

Field Emission Site Densities of Nanostructured Carbon

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