Electron Dose-Controlled Formation, Growth, and Assembly of Nanoclusters and Nanoparticles from Aurophilic Au(I)–Thiolate Ensemble on Surfaces

Cheng, Huhu; Yan, Shan; Li, Jing; Wang, Jie; Wang, Lingyan; Skeete, Zakiya; Shan, Shiyao; Zhong, Chuan‐Jian

doi:10.1021/acsami.8b17941

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This type of minimization or exploitation of the electron beam strongly depends on the instrumental capability to control the electron dose at low dose levels while acquiring high-quality images, as demonstrated earlier for imaging surfaces with adsorbed compounds on metal nanoparticles. [121,281] Second, there is a need to further improve the temporal resolution for dynamic monitoring of catalysts in the catalytic reaction processes. The surface sites of a solid catalyst under the reaction are highly dynamic due to adsorption, desorption, surface reconstruction, lattice vacancy formation, phase segregation, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Heterogeneous Catalysts under Reaction Conditions by In Situ/Operando Electron Microscopy

Cheng

Wang

Chen

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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The advancement of clean energy and environment depends strongly on the development of efficient catalysts in a wide range of heterogeneous catalytic reactions, which has benefited from transmission electron microscopic techniques in determining the atomic‐scale morphologies and structures. However, it is the morphology and structure under the catalytic reaction conditions that determine the performance of the catalyst, which has captured a surge of interest in developing and applying in situ/operando transmission electron microscopic techniques in heterogeneous catalysis. The major theme of this review is to highlight some of the most recent insights into heterogeneous catalysts under the relevant reaction conditions using in situ/operando transmission electron microscopic techniques. Rather than a comprehensive overview of the basic principles of in situ/operando techniques, this review focuses on the insights into the atomic‐scale/nanoscale details of various catalysts ranging from single‐component to multicomponent catalysts under heterogeneous catalytic, electrocatalytic, and photocatalytic reaction conditions involving both gas–solid and liquid–solid interfaces. This focus is coupled with discussions of the correlation of the atomic, molecular, and nanoscale morphology, composition, and structure with the catalytic properties under the reaction conditions, shining light on the challenges and opportunities in design of nanostructured catalysts for clean and sustainable energy applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Heterogeneous Catalysts under Reaction Conditions by In Situ/Operando Electron Microscopy

Cheng

Wang

Chen

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…The initial TEM image of the flake is shown in Figure 1a whereas, Figure 1b represents the same spot of the flake after 15 min of irradiation with electron dose ≈1.98 × 10 −5 C m −2 and fluence rate ≈4.1 × 10 27 m −2 s −1 . [43,45] Prima facie evidence suggests that uninterrupted electron fluence rate modifies the surface features on BP flake as evident from the difference between the contrast of congruent regions in Figure 1a-b. Granular edges smoothen up and the ripples on surface of the flake appear to be ironed out after 15 min of exposure.…”

Section: Straightening (Ironing) Of 2d Bp Using Electron Beam Irradia...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Beam as Straightener to De‐Wrinkle Large 2D Black Phosphorus Flake: An In Situ TEM Monitoring

Kaur¹,

Tyagi²,

Kundu³

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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originating from the nonuniform interlayer spacing of a wrinkled 2D structure leads to alteration in band structure and eventually restricts from attaining ideal experimental conditions. [15][16][17] Due to the atomically thin dimension, it is practically impossible to polish out the irregularities by physical or chemical means, as standardized in conventional silicon process flow. Quite a few efforts were made to develop post-synthesis process for minimizing surface corrugations on 2D crystal, however, most of the strategies were made for pre-transfer and post-transfer processes during drytransfer of 2D flakes. [8,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Pre-transfer techniques are optimized by the hydrophobic substrate, transfer media, and environment (vacuum or inert atmosphere) conditions so as to prevent the formation of wrinkles during the transfer of nanolayers. [25][26][27][28][29][30] Even though the microscale management of surface corrugations is possible using pre-transfer techniques, nanoscale surface irregularities invariably creep in during the transfer process. Post-transfer techniques like plasma treatment, high-temperature annealing, isotropic stretching, and mechanical cleaning are thus used for the removal of surface irregularities after the transfer of flakes. Currently, available post-transfer techniques are not without limitations and plasma treatments, as well as hightemperature annealing tends to introduce defects in 2D crystals. Furthermore, nanomaterials with high chemical reactivity (e.g., 2D black phosphorus (BP)) are incompatible with these processes. [27,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Mechanical cleaning approaches such as contact mode atomic force microscope (AFM) have also been tried by researchers for removal of surface corrugations but have their own limitations with respect to multilayers, speed, and introduction of defects by the scanning tip. [21,[38][39][40][41][42][43] Overall, the prevalent techniques leave a lot to be desired when it comes to the controlled removal of surface corrugations without the introduction of defects in 2D crystals. It is thus imperative to develop and explore innovative approaches in which smoothness/relief of 2D flakes is precisely controlled while maintaining the pristine crystallinity.Electron beam can introduce defects in 2D lattices as well as improve the conductivity of 2D layers but the de-wrinkling of 2D flakes using e-beam has not been investigated by researchers. [44] In this context, we introduce e-beam based Large area 2D nanomaterials are susceptible to the formation of surface corrugations during synthesis, transfer, and handling of samples and their physicochemical properties are extraordinarily affected by the formation of surface corrugations. Even though several strategies have been devised by researchers for smoothing the 2D flakes, the issue is far from resolved. Here, the straightening of black phosphorus (BP) flakes using electron beam irradiation that enables the removal of ripples, disclination, and line defects from lattice are ...

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“…Formation is an orderly movement phenomenon of a large number of autonomous individuals emerging at the group level based on simple local information interactions [1][2][3] and can be applied to the multi-UAV [4][5][6], Multi autonomous Underwater Vehicle [7,8], Auto guided Vehicles [9,10], and so on, including both grouping and subgrouping forms of movement [11]. Among them, grouping behavior is widely used in multiagent systems to achieve cooperative control, such as the assembly [12,13], multi objective monitoring [14,15], reconnaissance [16,17], search and rescue [18,19], attack [20], object detection [21], and so on. The subgrouping behavior has divided the group into small teams to perform the task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation Control Algorithm of Multi-UAVs Based on Alliance

Yan

Tingting

Wang

2022

Drones

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Among the key technologies of Multi-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) leader–follower formation control, formation reconfiguration technology is an important element to ensure that multiple UAVs can successfully complete their missions in a complex operating environment. This paper investigates the problem of formation reconfiguration due to battlefield mission requirements. Firstly, in response to the mission requirements, the article proposes the Ant Colony Pheromone Partitioning Algorithm to subgroup the formation. Secondly, the paper establishes the alliance for the obtained subgroups. For the problem of no leader within the alliance formed after grouping or reconfiguring, the Information Concentration Competition Mechanism is introduced to flexibly select information leaders. For the problem of the stability of alliance structure problem, the control law of the Improved Artificial Potential Field method is designed, which can effectively form a stable formation to avoid collision of UAVs in the alliance. Thirdly, the Lyapunov approach is employed for convergence analysis. Finally, the simulation results of multi-UAV formation control show that the partitioning algorithm and the competition mechanism proposed can form a stable alliance as well as deal with the no-leader in it, and the improved artificial potential field designed can effectively avoid collision of the alliance and also prove the highly efficient performance of the algorithm in this paper.

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Electron Dose-Controlled Formation, Growth, and Assembly of Nanoclusters and Nanoparticles from Aurophilic Au(I)–Thiolate Ensemble on Surfaces

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

Insights into Heterogeneous Catalysts under Reaction Conditions by In Situ/Operando Electron Microscopy

Insights into Heterogeneous Catalysts under Reaction Conditions by In Situ/Operando Electron Microscopy

Electron Beam as Straightener to De‐Wrinkle Large 2D Black Phosphorus Flake: An In Situ TEM Monitoring

Formation Control Algorithm of Multi-UAVs Based on Alliance

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