Electron channelling contrast as a supplementary method for microstructural investigations in deformed metals

Zauter, R.; Petry, F.; Bayerlein, M.; Sommer, Cynthia V.; Christ, Hans‐Jürgen; Mughrabi, H.

doi:10.1080/01418619208201567

Cited by 104 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The incident electron beam is along o1104, the normal direction of the specimen. Unlike the ECC observation on materials with low dislocation density 42 , the diffraction conditions could be relaxed in the present study in detecting the fatigued dislocation arrangements [43][44][45][46] . The working distance is about 8 mm and the acceleration voltage is 20 kV using an aperture of 60 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Controllable fatigue cracking mechanisms of copper bicrystals with a coherent twin boundary

Zhang

et al. 2014

Nat Commun

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Controllable fatigue cracking mechanisms of copper bicrystals with a coherent twin boundary

Zhang

et al. 2014

Nat Commun

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“…The group of Mughrabi and co-workers [29][30][31] published the first papers on this subject. The authors give an overview on results of the first ECCI investigations on different types of materials after cyclic deformation like austenitic steel, copper and α-iron [30]. A direct comparison of dislocation arrangements imaged both by applying conventional TEM as well as ECCI in a SEM with tungsten cathode and low-tilt ECCI configuration (tilt angle ≤10°) is presented.…”

Section: Imaging Of Dislocation Arrangements After Fatiguementioning

confidence: 99%

Case studies on the application of high-resolution electron channelling contrast imaging – investigation of defects and defect arrangements in metallic materials

Weidner

Biermann

2015

Philosophical Magazine

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In 1967, Coates discovered the electron channelling contrast of backscattered electrons (BSEs) in scanning electron microscopy, and by this the possibility to investigate arrangements of lattice defects in deformed microstructures of materials. Since that time, a straightforward development of the scanning electron microscopes as well as of the electron channelling contrast technique took place. Nowadays, the performance of scanning electron microscopes is high enough that the resolution of electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI) micrographs is comparable with conventional bright field transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs. In the first part of the present paper, a historical review on the development of the ECCI technique starting from its discovery more than 45 years ago up to the combination with other advanced methods of scanning electron microscopy like electron backscatter diffraction or high-resolution selected area channelling patterning in the last few years is given. Major important investigations using this technique for the visualization of individual lattice defects like stacking faults (SFs) and dislocations or dislocation arrangements are chronologically summarized. The second part demonstrates that nowadays, ECCI micrographs taken in high-resolution scanning electron microscopes can be called high-resolution ECCI (HR-ECCI). It is shown that the resolution of individual SFs and dislocations in the HR-ECCI micrographs is comparable to that of conventional TEM (about 15 nm defect image width). Furthermore, the paper is demonstrating that HR-ECCI micrographs can be obtained for various types of materials after different mechanical loadings and different grain sizes ranging from large grain size of 500 μm (cast steel) down to less than 2 μm (γ-TiAl).

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“…The <221> samples plate-impacted at 57 GPa were full of large recrystallized grains, which were shown by both TEM and SEM -Electron Channeling Contrast [36] in Figures 8 (a) and (b). Annealing twins grow in the recrystallized grains.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of shock compression method on the defect substructure in monocrystalline copper

Cao

Lassila

Schneider

et al. 2005

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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Monocrystalline copper samples with orientations of [001] and [221] were shocked at pressures ranging from 20 GPa to 60 GPa using two techniques: direct drive lasers and explosively driven flyer plates. The pulse duration for these techniques differed substantially: 40 ns for the laser experiments at 0.5 mm into the sample and 1.1 ~1.4 µs for the flyer-plate experiments at 5 mm into the sample. The residual microstructures were dependent on orientation, pressure, and shocking method. The much shorter pulse duration in the laser driven shock yielded microstructures closer to the ones generated at the shock front. For the flyer-plate experiments, the longer pulse duration allows shockgenerated defects to reorganize into lower energy configurations. Calculations show that the post-shock cooling for the laser driven shock is 10 3 ~ 10 4 faster than that for plateimpact shock, propitiating recovery and recrystallization conditions for the latter. At the higher pressure level, extensive recrystallization was observed in the plate-impact samples, while it was absent in the laser driven shock. An effect that is proposed to contribute significantly to the formation of recrystallized regions is the existence of micro-shear-bands, which increase the local temperature beyond the prediction from adiabatic compression.

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Electron channelling contrast as a supplementary method for microstructural investigations in deformed metals

Cited by 104 publications

References 12 publications

Controllable fatigue cracking mechanisms of copper bicrystals with a coherent twin boundary

Controllable fatigue cracking mechanisms of copper bicrystals with a coherent twin boundary

Case studies on the application of high-resolution electron channelling contrast imaging – investigation of defects and defect arrangements in metallic materials

Effect of shock compression method on the defect substructure in monocrystalline copper

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