Electron beam melting of Ti6Al4V: Role of the process parameters under the same energy density

Silvestri, Alessia Teresa; Foglia, Simona; Borrelli, Rosario; Franchitti, Stefania; Pirozzi, Carmine; Astarita, Antonello

doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.10.065

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The true curves were obtained analysing optically the evolution of the diameter of the specimen, with the well-known eqs. (3) and (4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EBM builds parts in a high vacuum chamber providing an ideal contamination-free atmosphere for the printing of reactive materials, such as titanium alloys, that have a high affinity to nitrogen and oxygen [3]. Another advantage is that the deposition occurs at elevated temperatures (build temperature is higher than 700 °C), reducing residual stresses in the final part [4]. The EBM process consists of continuous repetition of four fundamental steps: 1) Spreading of a powder layer through the rake system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of process parameters on the mechanical properties of a Titanium alloy fabricated by Electron Beam Melting (EBM)

Mirone

Barbagallo

Bella

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Electron Beam Melting is a layer-by-layer additive manufacturing technique which proved to be very efficient and versatile in the fabrication of medical devices and automotive or aerospace components. Due to the highly innovative character of the technology, its potential is not yet fully exploited and a comprehensive understanding of how the different processing parameters may affect the mechanical performance of the resulting materials still deserves to be achieved. Tensile tests on a Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V-ELI) are ran at static rates for investigating the effects of different fabrication parameters on the material response, namely the speed function, the line offset, the focus offset, the number of contours and the horizontal-vertical growing direction of the specimens. A combination of such parameters is identified as a “process setup” and different setups are adopted for producing corresponding series of specimens, machined after fabrication according to ASTM F2924 and ASTM E8 regulations. The experimental procedure relies on enhanced true stress-true strain data based on the optical measurement of the neck cross section of the specimen, as an alternative to the traditional elongation-based approach to the true stress-true strain evaluation. This approach allows to better highlight the effects of the different process setups on the material performance, by focusing on the most stressed/strained material points within the overall specimen volume. The true curves allow to relate the material performance in terms of both strength and ductility to each process setup, allowing to outline the influence of single/combined fabrication parameters on the two above performance indicators.

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“…The true curves were obtained analysing optically the evolution of the diameter of the specimen, with the well-known eqs. (3) and (4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of process parameters on the mechanical properties of a Titanium alloy fabricated by Electron Beam Melting (EBM)

Mirone

Barbagallo

Bella

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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“…Concerning the L-PBF and E-PBF processes, it is worth to note that critical aspects related to the process variables and part geometry are highlighted in literature [21][22][23][24][25]. In particular, a few authors investigated the issues of producing thin-walled geometries through the leading PBF metal AM technologies, i.e., L-PBF and E-PBF, highlighting the effects of the fundamental process parameters such as heat source power, scanning speed and layer thickness on the overall build quality [26,27].…”

Section: Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and microstructural characterization of titanium gr.5 parts produced by different manufacturing routes

Campanella¹,

Buffa²,

Hassanin³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In recent years, the aircraft industry has shifted its preference for metal parts to titanium and its alloys, such as the high-strength Titanium Grade5 alloy. Because of Titanium Grade 5 limited formability at ambient temperature, forming operations on this material require high temperatures. In these conditions, a peculiar microstructure evolves as a result of the heating and deformation cycles, which has a significant impact on formability and product quality. On the other hand, additive manufacturing technologies, as selective laser melting and electron beam melting, are increasingly being used and are replacing more traditional approaches such as machining and forging. Fundamental parts characteristics as mechanical and microstructural properties, geometric accuracy and surface quality strongly depend on the selection of the manufacturing method. The authors of this paper seek to identify the strengths and limitations imposed by the intrinsic characteristics of different manufacturing alternatives for the production of parts of aeronautical significance, providing guidelines for the choice of the most appropriate manufacturing route for given application and part design.

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“…Direct Laser Deposition (DLD) is the most suitable technology for these applications, considering that direct energy into a narrow, focused region to heat a substrate, melting the substrate and simultaneously melting material that is being deposited into the substrate's melt pool. Unlike powder bed fusion techniques, DLD processes are not used to melt a material that is pre-laid in a powder bed but is used to melt materials as they are being deposited [1]- [3]. The capability to produce fully dense, as well as gradient or hybrid objects, makes the DLD more attractive, comparing to powder bed systems, in the manufacturing of large and/or functionally graded components [4].…”

Section: Intr Introduction Oductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Laser Deposition for Tailored Structure

Silvestri¹,

Amirabdollahian²,

Perini³

et al. 2021

Esaform 2021

Self Cite

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In the context of Industry 4.0, interest is increasing towards Additive Manufacturing processes due to their several advantages. Among these, the Direct Laser Deposition (DLD) is an innovative technology for additive metal part fabrication, and it is currently demonstrating its ability to revolutionize the manufacturing industry. It is particularly interesting for industrial applications in terms of reduction of waste materials by starting with fewer feedstocks, reduction of machining time by only have material where it is needed but, above all, it is interesting to extend the life of parts. Indeed, with the DLD, it is possible to repair an item or coat parts via cladding, making it more wear-resistant. It is also possible to give "another life" to broken or waste components, for example, by replacing the damaged area using new material. Moreover, particularly intriguing is the possibility to create hybrid or graded parts by varying material/alloy concentrations. This paper aims to combine the abovementioned advantages to develop tailored structures in order to accomplish complex and functional products. For this purpose, a specific case study was investigated, starting with the study of the appropriate powders to use and ending with the printing process using the DMG Mori Lasertec65. Microstructural and mechanical analyses were carried out to evaluate the products and to validate the process. The final results show the properties and performances of products obtained using this technology.

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Electron beam melting of Ti6Al4V: Role of the process parameters under the same energy density

Cited by 38 publications

References 50 publications

Effect of process parameters on the mechanical properties of a Titanium alloy fabricated by Electron Beam Melting (EBM)

Effect of process parameters on the mechanical properties of a Titanium alloy fabricated by Electron Beam Melting (EBM)

Mechanical and microstructural characterization of titanium gr.5 parts produced by different manufacturing routes

Direct Laser Deposition for Tailored Structure

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