Electron beam irradiated polyamide-6,6 films—I: characterization by wide angle X-ray scattering and infrared spectroscopy

Sengupta, Rajatendu; Tikku, V.K.; Somani, Alok K.; Chaki, T. K.; Bhowmick, Anil K.

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.05.022

Cited by 59 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The p0/q0 value is known as the ratio of chain scissions to crosslinking. blends containing more than 30% RTR showed p0/q0 values larger than one, which leads to the assumption of chain scissions domination over crosslinking in RTR rich blends (Sengupta et al, 2005). This further corroborates the findings of gel content which increased very marginally with increasing RTR content.…”

Section: Processing Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 79%

Improving the properties of reclaimed waste tire rubber by blending with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) and electron beam irradiation

Ramarad

Ratnam

Khalid

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Non-degradable waste tire generation around the world is growing at an alarming rate. Diversifying the recycling route of these waste tires is essential to solve the problem. One way is to incorporate them into polymers and convert them into new products. However, incorporation of ground tire rubber into thermoplastics has been hampered due to lack of toughness and adhesion between phases. To address the issue, this study utilized reclaimed waste tire rubber (RTR) instead; and evaluated the properties of RTR and poly(ethyleneco-vinyl acetate) (EVA) blends. The properties of the RTR/EVA blends were further enhanced by compatibilization and electron beam irradiation.Processing, mechanical, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of RTR were tremendously improved by blending with EVA. However, the interfacial adhesion was found to lack in the blends. Compatibilization by reactive, physical and combination strategies were explored utilizing (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxy silane (APS), liquid styrene butadiene rubber (LR) and maleated EVA (MAEVA), respectively. APS and MAEVA were found to be the most and least favourable compatibilizer, respectively. Apart from functioning as reactive compatibilizer, APS also reclaimed the RTR phase further. These lead to improved dispersion of smaller RTR phase in EVA matrix and enhanced the interfacial adhesion.Electron beam irradiation revealed the presence of radical stabilizing and scavenging additives within RTR which retards the crosslinking process in RTR and RTR/EVA blends. Though chain scissions were predominant; study showed the replacement of S-S and S-C bonds with stronger and stiffer C-C bonds ensures the retention of RTR and RTR/EVA blends properties upon irradiation.Compatibilization of RTR/EVA blend by APS (50RTR/5APS) also improved the crosslinking efficiency. However, the blend still suffered from oxidative degradation from irradiation in air. Radiation sensitizers, trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA), tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) and N,N-1,3Phenylene Bismaleimide (HVA2), were used to accelerate the irradiation induced crosslinking in RTR and 50RTR/5APS blends. Presence of radiation sensitizers leads to simultaneous improvement in toughness and tensile strength of RTR and 50RTR/5APS blends. Elastic capacity of RTR phase was restored and interfacial adhesion enhanced in the presence of radiation sensitizers.iii

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Section: Processing Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 79%

Improving the properties of reclaimed waste tire rubber by blending with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) and electron beam irradiation

Ramarad

Ratnam

Khalid

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Figure 9 shows the diffractogram of sample R and one of the mats, R9. It can be observed that the crystal structure of sample R is predominantly composed of α-phase, with diffraction peaks at 2θ = 20.5 and 23.0°[ 24,25] . A diffraction peak at 12.9° is also observed, related to the diffraction of γ-phase, as already found by Sengupta et al 24 in solutions of polyamide 66 with formic acid.…”

Section: Polyamide 66 and Solutions Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be observed that the crystal structure of sample R is predominantly composed of α-phase, with diffraction peaks at 2θ = 20.5 and 23.0°[ 24,25] . A diffraction peak at 12.9° is also observed, related to the diffraction of γ-phase, as already found by Sengupta et al 24 in solutions of polyamide 66 with formic acid. On the other hand, heat capacity of the formic acid in the liquid state = 2169 J.kg -1 K and L = latent heat of vaporization of formic acid = 41.4 x 10 6 J.kg -1 [21] .…”

Section: Polyamide 66 and Solutions Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospinning and characterization of polyamide 66 nanofibers with different molecular weights

Guerrini

Branciforti

Canova³

et al. 2009

Mat. Res.

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“…The values of p 0 /q 0 were obtained graphically from the intercept of the experimental curve of (S + S 1/2 ) versus 1/D. G(S), the number of polymer chain scission per 100 ev energy absorbed and G(X), the number of polymer crosslink site per 100 ev energy absorbed are related to p 0 and q 0 by the relation 11,15 G(S) / G(X) = 2 (p 0 /q 0 )…”

Section: G(s)/g(x) Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later Lawton, et al and Valentine and coworkers on irradiation of nylon 66 using high-energy pile radiation showed that the primary effect was cross-linking accompanied by considerable degradation and loss of crystallinity [8][9][10] . Radiation cross-linking of nylons reported recently by several other researchers [11][12][13] , but in most of the cases they used either extruded films or yarns or fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Advanced Engineering Polymer from the Modification of Nylon 66 by e-Beam Irradiation

Pramanik

Haldar

Niyogi

et al. 2014

DSJ

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When Nylon 66 was irradiated by an optimum dose of e-beam in presence of polyurethane as impact modifier in combination with triallyl isocyanurate as cross-linker, a superior performance was observed for the irradiated nylon 66. Significant improvement of properties, such as hardness, tensile strength, flexural modulus and impact strength was obtained on radiation processing of nylon 66 by e-beam. More interestingly, percent water absorption of such irradiated nylon 66 was reduced substantially. Improvement of mechanical properties and reduction of water absorption of irradiated nylon 66 were due to the cross-linking of the polymer system. Increase of cross-linking with dose of e-beam was verified by the increased gel content at higher doses. Irradiated nylon 66 showed better dimensional stability than those achieved with pristine nylon 66. The increase in dimensional stability may be attributed to reduction in crystallinity with increasing dose of e-beam as revealed by DSC studies.

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Electron beam irradiated polyamide-6,6 films—I: characterization by wide angle X-ray scattering and infrared spectroscopy

Cited by 59 publications

References 42 publications

Improving the properties of reclaimed waste tire rubber by blending with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) and electron beam irradiation

Improving the properties of reclaimed waste tire rubber by blending with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) and electron beam irradiation

Electrospinning and characterization of polyamide 66 nanofibers with different molecular weights

Development of an Advanced Engineering Polymer from the Modification of Nylon 66 by e-Beam Irradiation

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