“…For example, the observation of oriented nucleation in these glass-ceramics3839404142, also observed e.g. during the crystallization of a BaO·Al 2 O 3 ·B 2 O 3 glass43, challenges the basic assumption of oriented nucleation in the classic nucleation theory for glasses. It must not be confused with the oriented growth of crystals in glasses which has been known for many years.…”
mentioning
confidence: 96%
“…001 textures have also been indicated by XRD in BTS4041 and STS38 glass-ceramics, but the application of EBSD showed that the topmost layer shows a different orientation in the case of BTS40 which is affected by the annealing temperature40. Actually, the analysis of surface crystallized STS from the composition STS+0.45 SiO 2 provided the first case where the texture detected at the immediate surface also prevailed during growth39 while a texture change is observed more often33404243. Hence the assumption of a randomly oriented nucleation in BTG24 must be questioned.…”
Two glasses of the compositions 2 BaO - TiO2 - 2.75 GeO2 and 2 BaO – TiO2 –3.67 GeO2 (also known as BTG55) are annealed at temperatures from 680 to 970 °C to induce surface crystallization. The resulting samples are analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) including electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Ge-Fresnoite (Ba2TiGe2O8, BTG) is observed at the immediate surface of all samples and oriented nucleation is proven in both compositions. After a very fast kinetic selection, the crystal growth of BTG into the bulk occurs via highly oriented dendrites where the c-axes are oriented perpendicular to the surface. The growth of this oriented layer is finally blocked by dendritc BTG originating from bulk nucleation. The secondary phases BaTiGe3O9 (benitoite) and BaGe4O9 are also identified near the surface by XRD and localized by EBSD which additionally indicates orientation preferences for these phases. This behaviour is in contrast with previous reports from the Ba2TiSi2O8 as well as the Sr2TiSi2O8 systems.
“…For example, the observation of oriented nucleation in these glass-ceramics3839404142, also observed e.g. during the crystallization of a BaO·Al 2 O 3 ·B 2 O 3 glass43, challenges the basic assumption of oriented nucleation in the classic nucleation theory for glasses. It must not be confused with the oriented growth of crystals in glasses which has been known for many years.…”
mentioning
confidence: 96%
“…001 textures have also been indicated by XRD in BTS4041 and STS38 glass-ceramics, but the application of EBSD showed that the topmost layer shows a different orientation in the case of BTS40 which is affected by the annealing temperature40. Actually, the analysis of surface crystallized STS from the composition STS+0.45 SiO 2 provided the first case where the texture detected at the immediate surface also prevailed during growth39 while a texture change is observed more often33404243. Hence the assumption of a randomly oriented nucleation in BTG24 must be questioned.…”
Two glasses of the compositions 2 BaO - TiO2 - 2.75 GeO2 and 2 BaO – TiO2 –3.67 GeO2 (also known as BTG55) are annealed at temperatures from 680 to 970 °C to induce surface crystallization. The resulting samples are analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) including electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Ge-Fresnoite (Ba2TiGe2O8, BTG) is observed at the immediate surface of all samples and oriented nucleation is proven in both compositions. After a very fast kinetic selection, the crystal growth of BTG into the bulk occurs via highly oriented dendrites where the c-axes are oriented perpendicular to the surface. The growth of this oriented layer is finally blocked by dendritc BTG originating from bulk nucleation. The secondary phases BaTiGe3O9 (benitoite) and BaGe4O9 are also identified near the surface by XRD and localized by EBSD which additionally indicates orientation preferences for these phases. This behaviour is in contrast with previous reports from the Ba2TiSi2O8 as well as the Sr2TiSi2O8 systems.
“…certain crystallographic directions have a preferred orientation [16][17][18]. This has already been reported, especially from glasses, showing surface crystallization [19][20][21][22]. So it is highly possible that there are oriented structures at the interface between the glass ceramics and the adherent materials in an SOFC.…”
“…The numbered crystals highlight "regular hexagons" (1, 2) and "elongated hexagons" (3)(4)(5). The orientations of the numbered crystals are visualized by the corresponding unit cell wire frames and the Euler Angles given in Table 1.…”
Section: Reproduction On the Gm 30870 Meltmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…with piezoelectric properties in the case of fresnoite [1,2]. The main mystery of this process is the surface nucleation itself, which has recently been realized to be more complicated than previously thought as oriented nucleation has been shown to occur in a number of surface crystallizing glass systems [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”
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