Electron and ion emission from liquid metals

Field emission in a microwave field*

“…The experiments 30 were performed on W and W 2 C finely shaped emitters with the radii of top curvature of about 0.1 m, and also on liquid metals in narrow capillaries or in thin layers at a solid needle substrata. 32,33 One can attain a field strength of up to 10 8 V/cm in a microwave field.…”

“…32 A corresponding scrutiny indicates that the development of such an instability in microwave field leads to a capillary wave swing with typical dimensions of 10 Ϫ5 -10 Ϫ6 cm. This provides for the FE FIG.…”

Metal-Polymer-Vacuum Interface Formation in the High Static Electric Field

“…Namely, in both systems the phenomena of the saturation [15] and hysteresis [16] of the field emission current were observed. Tle saturation effect can be understood as the generation rate of mobile carriers throughout the whole depth of the sample [17], while the hysteresis can be caused by the internal electric field in the semiconductor arising from the charging of the deep localized electron states [17].…”

Field-emission processes from a liquid–metal surface

“…For a spatially uniform externally applied field varying periodically with time, E(t)ϭE 0 sin t, we can show that the amplitude of the th mode of surface oscillations follows Mathew's equation 32,34 ‫ץ‬ 2 ‫ץ‬t 2 ϩ 2 ͑ 1Ϫh cos 2t ͒ ϭ0, ͑19͒…”

“…Experiments on excitation of explosive emission in microwave fields 34 have shown that the energy flux J 0 absorbed by the emitter surface may exceed 10 6 W/cm 2 , with temperature gradients near the metal surface amounting to ٌTу10 6 K/cm. The effect of such gradients on the stability of the LM surface is related to the dependence ␣ϭ␣(T) ͑thermocapillary effects͒.…”