Electron Affinities of Atoms and Structures of Atomic Negative Ions

Abstract

This Review presents electron affinities of atoms and structures of atomic negative ions. The negative ion properties of many elements in the main groups of the Periodic Table were well known in the late 20th century. However, our knowledge of the atomic negative ions of transitional elements, lanthanides, and actinides was completely lacking or largely rather qualitative at that time. Substantial progress both on experimental and theoretical sides in this subject has happened during the last two decades. New developments in the experimental methods that yield accurate electron affinities are described in this Review. Based on the previous reviews, a survey of the electron affinity toward the completion of the Periodic Table is presented. A set of atomic electron affinities and energy levels of atomic anions is recommended.

Probing the Chemical Bond between Lanthanides and Carbon: CeC, PrC, NdC, LuC, and TmC2

“…IE(Ln) refers to the ionization energy of the Ln atom; PE refers to the energy required to excite the Ln + ion to the appropriate diabatic limit for bonding. b From ref 43. EA(C) refers to the electron affinity of the carbon atom.…”

Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction within the scope of electron attraction in metallic magnetic films

“…The values of , , , and were collected from Refs [24][25], [26-28], [23] and [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] respectively.…”

Spectroscopy of Radicals, Clusters, and Transition States Using Slow Electron Velocity-Map Imaging of Cryogenically Cooled Anions

“…This improved version of the experiment, cryo-SEVI, leads to near-complete suppression of vibrational hot bands and narrow rotational profiles, enabling one to obtain high-resolution spectra even for complex molecular anions and clusters. 33,34 Variants of anion SEVI and cryo-SEVI have been reported by several laboratories, including those of Gibson, 35, 36 Wang, 37, 38 Garand, 39,40 Ning, 3,41 and Heaven; 42,43 the instruments used in those studies have also achieved sub-meV electron energy resolution. More specialized techniques such as photodetachment microscopy 44,45 yield even better resolution but are less universally applicable.…”

“…Variants of anion SEVI and cryo-SEVI have been reported by several laboratories, including those of Gibson, , Wang, , Garand, , Ning, , and Heaven; , the instruments used in those studies have also achieved sub-meV electron energy resolution. More specialized techniques such as photodetachment microscopy , yield even better resolution but are less universally applicable.…”

“…The resulting photoelectron kinetic energy and angular distributions reveal information on the energetics, structure, and vibronic spectroscopy of the neutral species. Anion PES has provided electron affinities for a wide range of atomic and molecular species. , Depending on the photon energy, PES can characterize the ground and electronically excited states of a neutral in a single experimental measurement, yielding term energies and, in favorable cases, vibrational structure in each of the accessible electronic states. Since photodetachment can access neutral electronic states of different spin multiplicity, PES provides a direct measure of singlet–triplet splittings and other spectroscopically challenging energetics .…”