Electromyographic Studies on the Coordination of Antagonistic Muscles in Cases of Abducens and Facial Palsy

Björk, Åke

doi:10.1136/bjo.38.10.605

Cited by 31 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…palp, extends from the beginning of the R1 response to beyond the ending of R2. In agreement with Bjork's (1954b) suggestion, we believe that the reflex contraction of m. orb. oc.…”

Section: Electrically Induced Blink Reflexsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…mus cles during voluntary vertical ocular movements ' Read in part at the 9th International Congress of Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiolo gy, Amsterdam, September 1977. make their precise identification difficult dur ing EMG recordings. Usually, however, their antagonistic behavior during blinking and voluntary eyelid occlusion (Bjork, 1954b) is enough to differentiate them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reciprocal Reflex Activity in Ocular Muscles:Implications in Spontaneous Blinking and Bell’s Phenomenon

Esteban¹,

Salinero²

1979

Eur Neurol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Levator palpebrae (m. lev. palp.) and rectus superior (m. rect. sup.) are two synergistic muscles in vertical gaze movements. However, they show an antagonistic behavior during electrically induced blink and glabellar reflexes. This can be considered as an easy and useful method for their differentiation in the electrophysiological study of certain oculopalpebral motor disorders. Blinking consists of a series of reflex activities, the most outstanding ones being an early m. lev. Palp. basal activity inhibition, followed by the activation of the orbicularis oculi muscle and a brief increase in m. rect. sup. activity (reflex Bell phenomenon). This coordinated reflex organization could be perfectly related to that known in other human nociceptive reflexes.

show abstract

“…palp, extends from the beginning of the R1 response to beyond the ending of R2. In agreement with Bjork's (1954b) suggestion, we believe that the reflex contraction of m. orb. oc.…”

Section: Electrically Induced Blink Reflexsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocal Reflex Activity in Ocular Muscles:Implications in Spontaneous Blinking and Bell’s Phenomenon

Esteban¹,

Salinero²

1979

Eur Neurol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, reciprocal activity between the orbicularisandthe levator palpebrae maylead to inhibition ofthe former during upward movement. Gordon (1951) and Bjork (1954) demonstrated reciprocal inhibition to be present in the levator during the downward D. W. KENNARD AND G. L. SMYTH movement of the blink and forceful eye closure. This mode of operation would reduce the elasticity of the muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problem was first enunciated by Gowers (1879) and later by Sewall (1933), Walsh (1947) and Bjork (1954).…”

Section: The Causes Of Downward Eyelid Movement With Changes Of Gazementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The causes of downward eyelid movement with changes of gaze, and a study of the physical factors concerned

Kennard¹,

Smyth²

1963

The Journal of Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ocular Electromyography in Brain Stem Dysfunction

Reuben¹

1964

Arch Neurol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this paper is to show how electromyography (EMG) of the eye muscles serves to elucidate physiologic phenomena occurring in the presence of brain stem dysfunction.One of the basic tenets of ocular muscle physiology is that excitation of one set of muscles (agonists) is associated with the inhibition of the opposing set (antagonists), exemplified both ipsilaterally and contralaterally. Electromyography affords an opportunity to demonstrate these basic phenomena not only in the course of normal eye movements but also in conjugate and disconjugate gaze disorders and even, as in this case, in apparent (clinical) paralysis of eye movement. While many descriptions of ocular motor disorders are available, most reports discuss the defects in eye movement without specifically alluding to excitation or, in particular, to inhibition. This report will emphasize these phenomena and the correlation of clinical and electromyographic findings.From the electrophysiologic point of view, one of the striking characteristics of ocular muscles is the presence of "tonic activity" (or evidence of continuous electrical excita¬ tion to the eye muscles) when the eyes appear to be "resting" in the midposition in an alert subject. Peripheral skeletal mus¬ cle "at rest" will have no recordable electrical activity. Complete electrical si-

show abstract

Electromyographic Studies on the Coordination of Antagonistic Muscles in Cases of Abducens and Facial Palsy

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

Reciprocal Reflex Activity in Ocular Muscles:Implications in Spontaneous Blinking and Bell’s Phenomenon

Reciprocal Reflex Activity in Ocular Muscles:Implications in Spontaneous Blinking and Bell’s Phenomenon

The causes of downward eyelid movement with changes of gaze, and a study of the physical factors concerned

Ocular Electromyography in Brain Stem Dysfunction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About