Electromigration occurences and its effects on metallic surfaces submitted to high electromagnetic field: A novel approach to breakdown in accelerators

Antoine, C.; Peauger, F.; Pimpec, F. Le

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2011.11.032

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Furthermore, various existing and projected devices, such as contactless atomic manipulators [6,7], electron and ion sources [8][9][10][11][12], atom probe tomography [13][14][15][16], field ion and field emission microscopy [8,17,18], or even large-scale particle accelerators etc. [19][20][21][22] would significantly benefit from the existence of such a theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomistic behavior of metal surfaces under high electric fields

et al. 2019

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Combining classical electrodynamics and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we develop a general and rigorous theoretical framework that describes the energetics of metal surfaces under high electric fields. We show that the behavior of a surface atom in the presence of an electric field can be described by the polarization characteristics of the permanent and field-induced charges in its vicinity. We use DFT calculations for the case of a W adatom on a W{110} surface to confirm the predictions of our theory and quantify its system-specific parameters. Our quantitative predictions for the diffusion of W-on-W{110} under field are in good agreement with experimental measurements. This work is a crucial step towards developing atomistic computational models of such systems for long-term simulations. arXiv:1808.07782v3 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomistic behavior of metal surfaces under high electric fields

et al. 2019

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“…When a strong electric field is applied on the surface of a metal, it induces surface charge and polarization, and under certain circumstances, it triggers field emission (FE) currents with consequent electromigration effects [10]. Thus, the high electric field may significantly affect the evolution of the system and under certain conditions might cause major surface deformations [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic coupling of a finite element solver to large-scale atomistic simulations

Veske

Kyritsakis

Eimre

et al. 2018

Journal of Computational Physics

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We propose a method for efficiently coupling the finite element method with atomistic simulations, while using molecular dynamics or kinetic Monte Carlo techniques. Our method can dynamically build an optimized unstructured mesh that follows the geometry defined by atomistic data. On this mesh, different multiphysics problems can be solved to obtain distributions of physical quantities of interest, which can be fed back to the atomistic system. The simulation flow is optimized to maximize computational efficiency while maintaining good accuracy. This is achieved by providing the modules for a) optimization of the density of the generated mesh according to requirements of a specific geometry and b) efficient extension of the finite element domain without a need to extend the atomistic one. Our method is organized as an open-source C++ code. In the current implementation, an efficient Laplace equation solver for calculating the electric field distribution near a rough atomistic surface demonstrates the capability of the suggested approach.

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“…In spite of the studies performed and the technological efforts in manufacturing technology, since many competitive surface processes are involved, the scenario in which a breakdown may occur is far from understood [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, after decades of studies, we are still looking for an electrically stable material, capable of sustaining high electric fields with no, or low, damage and new accelerating structures should exhibit breakdown probability as low as possible, at least in the order of 10 −7 breakdowns/pulse/meter [4]. To understand and predict the breakdown behavior for practical structures it is mandatory to select high-performing materials [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials and Breakdown Phenomena: Heterogeneous Molybdenum Metallic Films

et al. 2017

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Technological activities to design, manufacture, and test new accelerating devices using different materials and methods is under way all over the world. The main goal of these studies is to increase the accelerating gradients and reduce the probability of radio-frequency (RF) breakdown. Indeed, it is still not clear why, by increasing the intensity of the applied field, intense surface damage is observed in copper structures, limiting the lifetime and, therefore, the practical applications. A possible solution is represented by a coating of a relatively thick layer of molybdenum in order to improve the breakdown rate. molybdenum can be reliably grown on different substrates with a negligible strain and, for thicknesses up to 600 nm, with a resistivity <100-150·µΩ cm. Moreover, Mo coatings with controlled composition, internal stress, and roughness may allow improving thermo-mechanical properties reaching values not attainable by uncoated copper. Although the Mo conductivity remains lower compared to Cu, a Mo coating represents a very interesting option for high gradient accelerator components manufactured in copper.

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Electromigration occurences and its effects on metallic surfaces submitted to high electromagnetic field: A novel approach to breakdown in accelerators

Cited by 17 publications

References 129 publications

Atomistic behavior of metal surfaces under high electric fields

Atomistic behavior of metal surfaces under high electric fields

Dynamic coupling of a finite element solver to large-scale atomistic simulations

Materials and Breakdown Phenomena: Heterogeneous Molybdenum Metallic Films

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