Electromigration in dilute body-centred cubic alloys

Dekker, J.P.; Lodder, A.

doi:10.1088/0953-8984/10/30/009

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The resulting current is scattered again by the jumping atom. As already seen for an atom next to a vacancy 12 this current initially points in the direction of the Bloch current, but then it turns and comes back behind the scatterer. The result is similar to the field lines of a dipole.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…11 This can be attributed to multiplescattering effects, which have been described in detail for a host V atom next to a vacancy. 12 Qualitatively, the scattering current can be divided into two parts. The first and largest part is the Bloch current.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such multiple-scattering effects can be huge, sometimes even inverting the direction of the wind force. 6,12 The same effect is studied here for the addition of vacancies instead of impurity atoms. The formalism used accounts for the electronic structure at the electromigration defect as complete as possible at the moment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Ab initiocalculation of electromigration effects at polyvacancy clusters in aluminum

Dekker¹,

Lodder²

2001

Phys. Rev. B

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The driving force on a migrating atom at polyvacancy clusters in aluminum is calculated using an ab initio multiple-scattering Green's function method. The open structure of polyvacancy clusters is considered as a model to simulate electromigration over a surface and as a start to simulate electromigration along a grain boundary. A random isotropic distribution of vacancies tends to decrease the driving force. In a configuration which resembles an atom on a surface the decreasing tendency is reinforced. In a configuration which resembles the situation at a grain boundary more specificly the vacancies are concentrated on the line along which an atom migrates. For such a configuration the force tends to increase.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ab initiocalculation of electromigration effects at polyvacancy clusters in aluminum

Dekker¹,

Lodder²

2001

Phys. Rev. B

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“…This can be explained by dividing the force into two parts: one as a result of the applied current and one as a result of the local current arising from scattering of the applied current to the environment of the jumping atom. 12 The original applied current is not scattered by a host Al atom at a lattice position, and therefore the force due to the scattered current dominates. On the other hand, a Cu atom scatters both currents and the calculations show that the applied current dominates.…”

Section: A Pure Al and The Al-cu Alloymentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of the electromigration wind force in Al alloys

et al. 1999

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The electromigration wind force in various Al alloys is calculated using a Green's-function method for the calculation of the electronic structure. The influence of the environment of the jumping atoms is studied in detail in the Al-Cu alloy. Alloys of Al with 3d and 4sp alloying elements are studied systematically in order to investigate the relation between the electronic states of the alloying atom and the wind force. The study also includes several other alloys, which have been used in the past in attempts to increase electromigration lifetime. It is shown that the wind force on an Al host atom can be changed considerably by the presence of an alloying atom at particular positions near the jump path. This could be an additional contribution to the well-known decelerating effect of some alloying elements on electromigration in Al. ͓S0163-1829͑99͒01112-1͔

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“…In addition, a microscopic quantum-mechanical expression for the wind force is available. This expression has been applied recently for ab initio calculations of the wind valence of interstitial atoms such as hydrogen [3], and of substitutionally migrating atoms [4,5], in numerous FCC and Bee metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromigration and Electronic Structure

Lodder

Dekker²

2000

Properties of Complex Inorganic Solids 2

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Regarding the two different contributions to the driving force, the direct force and the wind force, the role of the electronic structure has been quite different for the two. For the wind force increasingly sophisticated descriptions have been used, namely pseudopotential models, finite cluster models and, at the end, an ab initio Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) Green's function description. We will illustrate this by showing for which systems by now the wind force has been calculated, which include almost all Fee and Bee metals, while both self-electromigration and impurity migration have been treated. Some new results will be presented as well, which simulate electromigration along a grain boundary and over a surface.The direct force, on the other hand, has mainly been discussed in terms of the simple free electron, or jellium model. However, it will be shown that we have arrived at a point, at which more sophisticated descriptions of the electronic structure involved are becoming important. A recent analysis of new experimental results leads to the conclusion that a migrating hydrogen atom effectively can have a direct valence smaller than unity, depending on the metal studied. By this it becomes challenging to perform calculations of the electronic structure of an interstitial, not only at its equilibrium position, but also at positions lying along the jump path.

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Electromigration in dilute body-centred cubic alloys

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Ab initiocalculation of electromigration effects at polyvacancy clusters in aluminum

Ab initiocalculation of electromigration effects at polyvacancy clusters in aluminum

Calculation of the electromigration wind force in Al alloys

Electromigration and Electronic Structure

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