Electromembrane extraction of tartrazine from food samples: Effects of nano‐sorbents on membrane performance

Abstract

In the present study, for the first time electromembrane extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection was developed and validated for the determination of tartrazine in some food samples. The parameters influencing electromembrane extraction were evaluated and optimized. The membrane consists of 1-octanol immobilized in the pores of a hollow fiber. As a driving force, a 30 V electrical field was applied to make the analyte migrate from sample solution with pH 3, through the supported liquid membrane into an acceptor solution with pH 10. Best preconcentration (enrichment factor >21) was obtained in extraction duration of 15 min. Effects of some solid nano-sorbents like carbon nanotubes and molecularly imprinted polymers on membrane performance and electromembrane extraction efficiency were evaluated. The method provided the linearity in the range 25-1000 ng/mL for tartrazine (R(2) > 0.9996) with repeatability range (RSD) between 3.8 and 8.5% (n = 3). The limits of detection and quantitation were 7.5 and 25 ng/mL, respectively. Finally, the method was applied to the determination and quantification of tartrazine from some food samples with relative recoveries in the range between 90 and 98%.

Electromembrane extraction–Recent trends and where to go

“…High specificity in the extraction step may reduce the costs and complexity of the final detection system. New SLMs have been addressed recently in several research papers, both using pure solvents [30] , [34] , [35] and solid additives in the SLM [12] , [36] , [37] , [38] . With respect to pure solvents, a range of alkylated phosphates and phosphites have been studied recently, and tributyl phosphate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphite (DEHPi) were identified as new solvents providing efficient extraction of polar basic analytes [35] , [39] .…”

“…In addition to pure solvents, different SLM additives have been proposed recently to enhance mass transfer [12] , [36] , [38] , [40] , [41] . In one very interesting paper, the non-ionic macrocyclic compound bambus [6] uril was added to nitrobenzene and used as SLM for extraction of inorganic anions [12] .…”

Control of Organophosphorus Pesticides Residues in Honey Samples Using a Miniaturized Tandem Preconcentration Technique Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography

“…11 Recently, various miniaturized sample preparation techniques called microextraction methods were used in extraction of various analytes and chemicals from different samples. [12][13][14][15] Liquidliquid extraction and solid phase extraction (SPE) are wellknown extraction procedures. But these methods are not environmentally friendly because of the consumption of large volumes of organic solvents.…”

Simultaneous Determination of 2-Nitrophenol and 4-Nitrophenol in Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater by Electromembrane Extraction Coupled with HPLC-UV Analysis

“…[26][27][28] To date, EME has been used for the extraction of drugs, dyes, anions, heavy metals, environmental pollutants, amino acids and peptides from different sample matrices. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] To the best of our knowledge, EME technique has not been used for simultaneous extraction of 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) from wastewater samples. In this study, for the first time EME as a micro-extraction technique followed by a simple HPLC-UV method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of 2-NP and 4-NP from industrial wastewater samples.…”