Electromembrane extraction and HPLC analysis of haloacetic acids and aromatic acetic acids in wastewater

Alhooshani, Khalid; Basheer, Chanbasha; Kaur, Jagjit; Gjelstad, Astrid; Rasmussen, Knut; Pedersen‐Bjergaard, Stig; Lee, Hian Kee

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.026

Cited by 58 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The literature also contains examples of enhanced EME following addition of salt to the sample. In one example, the extraction recoveries were experimentally found to increase for halogenated acetic acids when adding salt to the sample . In conclusion, the impact of the ion balance in EME is still not totally clear.…”

Section: Mass Transfer In Eme From An Experimental Point Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mass transfer in electromembrane extraction—The link between theory and experiments

Huang

Jensen

Seip

et al. 2015

J of Separation Science

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Electromembrane extraction was introduced in 2006 as a totally new sample preparation concept for the extraction of charged analytes present in aqueous samples. Electromembrane extraction is based on electrokinetic migration of the analytes through a supported liquid membrane and into a μL-volume of acceptor solution under the influence of an external electrical field. To date, electromembrane extraction has mostly been used for the extraction of drug substances, amino acids, and peptides from biological fluids, and for organic micropollutants from environmental samples. Electromembrane extraction has typically been combined with chromatography, mass spectrometry, and electrophoresis for analyte separation and detection. At the moment, close to 125 research papers have been published with focus on electromembrane extraction. Electromembrane extraction is a hybrid technique between electrophoresis and liquid-liquid extraction, and the fundamental principles for mass transfer have only partly been investigated. Thus, although there is great interest in electromembrane extraction, the fundamental principle for mass transfer has to be described in more detail for the scientific acceptance of the concept. This review summarizes recent efforts to describe the fundamentals of mass transfer in electromembrane extraction, and aim to give an up-to-date understanding of the processes involved.

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Section: Mass Transfer In Eme From An Experimental Point Of Viewmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mass transfer in electromembrane extraction—The link between theory and experiments

Huang

Jensen

Seip

et al. 2015

J of Separation Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recently, a new sample preparation method known as electromembrane extraction (EME) has been developed . EME is a microextraction technique based on hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction (HF‐LPME) for the extraction of charged compounds .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, EME is performed with HPLC–UV or LC–MS; however, several new trials combining EME with GC–MS have recently been presented . EME has been widely used for extraction of acidic or basic compounds from various matrices such as wastewater, plant samples, biological fluids, and dairy products , .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene metabolites in human urine using electromembrane extraction combined with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry

et al. 2015

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For the first time, electromembrane extraction combined with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was applied for the determination of urinary benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene metabolites. S-Phenylmercapturic acid, hippuric acid, phenylglyoxylic acid, and methylhippuric acid isomers were extracted from human urine through a supported liquid membrane consisting of 1-octanol into an alkaline acceptor solution filling the inside of a hollow fiber by application of an electric field. Various extraction factors were investigated and optimized using response surface methodology, the statistical method. The optimum conditions were established to be 300 V applied voltage, 15 min extraction time, 1500 rpm stirring speed, and 5 mM ammonium acetate (pH 10.2) acceptor solution. The method was validated with respect to selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, recovery, and reproducibility. The results showed good linearity (r(2) > 0.995), precision, and accuracy. The extract recoveries were 52.8-79.0%. Finally, we applied this method to real samples and successfully measured benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene metabolites.

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“…Since the application of EME method was first reported to extract some basic drugs , this technique has been wildly used to extract this class of analytes . However, by reversing the direction of the electrical field with which EME is undertaken, one could effectively perform the extraction of acidic compounds as well . EME has been also used to extract metal ions , inorganic anions peptides , and amino acids .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromembrane extraction using two separate cells: A new design for simultaneous extraction of acidic and basic compounds

Nojavan

Asadi

2015

Electrophoresis

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Simultaneous extraction of acidic and basic analytes from a sample is seen to be a challenging task. In this work, a novel and efficient electromembrane extraction (EME) method based on two separate cells was applied to simultaneously extract and preconcentrate two acidic drugs (naproxen and ibuprofen) along with a basic drug (ketamine). Once both cells were filled with the sample solution, basic drug was extracted from one cell with the other cell used to extract acidic drugs. The employed supported liquid membranes for the extraction of acidic and basic drugs were 2-ethyl hexanol and 1-octanol, respectively. Under an applied potential of 250 V in the course of the extraction process, acidic, and basic drugs were extracted from a 3.0 mL aqueous sample solution into 25 μL acceptor solutions. The pH values of the donor and acceptor solutions in the cathodic cell were 5.0 and 1.5, respectively, the corresponding values in the anodic cell were, however, 8.0 and 12.5, respectively. The rates of recovery obtained within 20 min of extraction time at a stirring rate of 750 rpm ranged from 45 to 54%. With correlation coefficients ranging from 0.990 to 0.996, the proposed EME technique provided good linearity over a concentration range of 20-1000 ng/mL. The LOD for all drugs was found to be 6.7 ng/mL, while reproducibility ranged from 7 to 12% (n = 5). Finally, applying the proposed method to determine and quantify the drugs in urine and wastewater samples, satisfactory results were achieved.

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Electromembrane extraction and HPLC analysis of haloacetic acids and aromatic acetic acids in wastewater

Cited by 58 publications

References 32 publications

Mass transfer in electromembrane extraction—The link between theory and experiments

Mass transfer in electromembrane extraction—The link between theory and experiments

Simultaneous determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene metabolites in human urine using electromembrane extraction combined with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry

Electromembrane extraction using two separate cells: A new design for simultaneous extraction of acidic and basic compounds

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