Electromechanical Resonant Ice Protection Systems: Energetic and Power Considerations

Budinger, Marc; Pommier-Budinger, Valérie; Reysset, Aurélien; Palanque, Valérian

doi:10.2514/1.j060008

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…The operating principle of the piezoelectric deicing system is to create microscopic ultrasound mechanical vibrations based on the converse effect (reverse piezoelectric effect). Depending on the resonance mode, these electromechanical vibrations produce a stress field that initiates cohesive fractures in the ice, adhesive fracture at the interface leading edge/ice, or both [13]. Two configurations were introduced in the literature for using piezoelectric actuators.…”

Section: Piezoelectric Deicing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this study case, only the fundamental extensional mode and its odd harmonics will appear in the plate as demonstrated in equation (13).…”

Section: Analytical and Finite Element Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, only tests with Langevin piezoelectric transducers were performed and where some delamination has occurred. In Budinger et al [13], fracture mechanisms were analyzed. Key performance indicators were proposed to analyze the performance of such systems regarding fracture propagation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-energy avionic piezoelectric deicing system

Jomaa,

Lévy,

Vasic

et al. 2024

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Piezoelectric actuators are widely used in several applications and are becoming increasingly attractive in aircraft and industrial contexts, mainly when efficiency and economical energy conversion are required. One of these applications is the Avionic Piezoelectric Deicing System. Piezoelectric actuators are considered as a potential solution for developing a low-energy ice protection system for aircraft. This type of system applies vibration to the structure by activating its own resonant frequencies to generate sufficient stress to break the ice and cause it to delaminate from the substrate. The deicing mechanism depends strongly on the chosen excitation mode, whether it's flexural (bending) mode, extension (stretching) mode, or a combination in between, hence affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of the deicing process.However, it is essential to note that designing the power supply of the deicing system presents a major challenge, since piezoelectric actuators exhibit a distinct capacitive behavior in almost all frequencies, and eventually for deicing applications requiring high operational frequency.In this contribution, a proof of concept of a deicing system utilizing lightweight piezoelectric actuators with minimal powerrequirement is proposed. Deicing was demonstrated with a power input density of 0.074 W/cm² and a surface ratio of 0.07 piezoelectric actuator per cm². First, a numerical method for positioning piezoelectric actuators and choosing the proper resonance mode was validated to assist in the system’s design. Then, the numerical method was used to implement piezoelectricdeicing on a more representative structure of an aircraft wing or nacelle. Finally, a converter topology adapted for deicing application was proposed.

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Section: Piezoelectric Deicing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this study case, only the fundamental extensional mode and its odd harmonics will appear in the plate as demonstrated in equation (13).…”

Section: Analytical and Finite Element Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-energy avionic piezoelectric deicing system

Jomaa,

Lévy,

Vasic

et al. 2024

Smart Mater. Struct.

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“…The idea behind the criteria comes from electric motor constants characteristics or similarity laws for turbomachinery constituted by ratios of magnitudes that evolve independently from the operating points [12]. The first objective of the article is to define criteria allowing:…”

Section: A Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-mechanical Resonant Ice Protection Systems: Power requirements for fractures initiation and propagation

Palanque

Budinger

Pommier-Budinger

et al. 2021

Aiaa Aviation 2021 Forum

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This article focuses on resonant ice protection systems and studies fracture mechanisms at work for flexural modes having frequencies lower than100 kHz. The objective is to study the power required for fracture initiation and propagation in this frequency range. Two types of deicing mechanisms are studied in this paper: tensile stress dominant flexural modes and shear stress dominant flexural modes. Criteria are introduced to enable the comparison between these deicing mechanisms according to their power requirements and the selection of the most promising configurations. Eventually, the numerical results are compared to experiments to verify assumptions and computations. The contribution of this article is to put forward power-efficient de-icing configurations for resonant electromechanical de-icing systems using flexural modes. Low frequency flexural modes appear to be less power consuming for both mechanisms. Tensile stress dominant flexural modes have lower power requirements than shear stress dominant modes. The instantaneous peak power requirement to cover 90% of the area is estimated to be 5.5 kW/m². Nomenclature A = Area (m²) b = Fracture width (m) Cshear = Criterion for fracture initiation by shear stress Ctensile = Criterion for fracture initiation by tensile stress Ccoh = Criterion for cohesive fracture unstable propagation

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“…The mechanical methods consist of using tools that break the ice adhering to the aircraft structure by shocking or inducing vibrations [7,[9][10][11][12]. In most cases, mechanical methods can be considered as de-icing methods since they are used to speed the shedding process after snow or ice has accumulated or formed on the structure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Tool Analysis to Assess the Effectiveness of Passive Ice Protection Materials to Assist Rotorcraft Manual De-Icing

et al. 2021

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Search and rescue missions using rotorcrafts need to be reliable all year long, even in winter conditions. In some cases of deployment prior to take off, the crew may need to manually remove accumulated contaminant from the critical surfaces using tools at their disposal. However, icy contaminant may be hard to remove since the rotorcrafts critical surfaces could be cooler than the environment, thus promoting adhesion. Currently, there exists several passive ice protection materials that could reduce the ice adhesion strength and assist the manual de-icing. The aim of this paper is to propose a detailed comparative procedure to assess the ability of materials to assist the manual de-icing of rotorcrafts. The proposed procedure consists of the characterization of materials using several laboratory tests in order to determine their characteristics pertaining to wettability, their icephobic behavior, and finally their assessment under a multi-tool analysis to evaluate if they can assist. The multi-tool analysis uses different mechanical tools, which are currently used during normal operation, to execute a gradual de-icing procedure, which begins with the softest to the hardest tool using a constant number of passes or strokes, under different types of simulated precipitation. Five different materials were used to evaluate the proposed procedure: Aluminum (used as a reference), two silicone-based coatings (Nusil and SurfEllent), an epoxy-based coating (Wearlon), and finally a commercial ski wax (Swix). All of the tested materials could assist the manual de-icing, within a certain limit, when compared to the bare aluminum. However, SurfEllent was the material that obtained the best overall results. This procedure could be easily adapted to different fields of application and could be used as a development tool for the optimization and the assessment of new materials aimed to reduce ice adhesion.

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Electromechanical Resonant Ice Protection Systems: Energetic and Power Considerations

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

Low-energy avionic piezoelectric deicing system

Low-energy avionic piezoelectric deicing system

Electro-mechanical Resonant Ice Protection Systems: Power requirements for fractures initiation and propagation

A Multi-Tool Analysis to Assess the Effectiveness of Passive Ice Protection Materials to Assist Rotorcraft Manual De-Icing

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