Electromechanical Actuators for Haptic Feedback with Fingertip Contact

Chen, Jueyu; Teo, Edwin Hang Tong; Yao, Kui

doi:10.3390/act12030104

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Usually, a rigid material will create a button capable of withstanding the force of a fingertip; however, in exchange, the sensation of touch might be deteriorated. This compromise needs to be considered in the design of the piezoelectric haptic button whose stiffness could be varied via two solutions [ 88 ]: Altering the PET substrate thickness (

: This is an easy solution but it might not modify the thickness ratio of the structure, which was chosen to be equal to 1.5. Using another material of substrate with a different Young’s modulus (denoted

): Materials with a higher

are stiffer and more resistant to deformation under load, while those with a lower

are more flexible and, thus, more easily stressed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haptic Feedback Device Using 3D-Printed Flexible, Multilayered Piezoelectric Coating for In-Car Touchscreen Interface

Nguyen,

Oliva-Torres,

Bernadet

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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This study focuses on the development of a piezoelectric device capable of generating feedback vibrations to the user who manipulates it. The objective here is to explore the possibility of developing a haptic system that can replace physical buttons on the tactile screen of in-car systems. The interaction between the user and the developed device allows completing the feedback loop, where the user’s action generates an input signal that is translated and outputted by the device, and then detected and interpreted by the user’s haptic sensors and brain. An FEM (finite element model) via ANSYS multiphysics software was implemented to optimize the haptic performance of the wafer structure consisting of a BaTiO3 multilayered piezocomposite coated on a PET transparent flexible substrate. Several parameters relating to the geometric and mechanical properties of the wafer, together with those of the electrodes, are demonstrated to have significant impact on the actuation ability of the haptic device. To achieve the desired vibration effect on the human skin, the haptic system must be able to drive displacement beyond the detection threshold (~2 µm) at a frequency range of 100–700 Hz. The most optimized actuation ability is obtained when the ratio of the dimension (radius and thickness) between the piezoelectric coating and the substrate layer is equal to ~0.6. Regarding the simulation results, it is revealed that the presence of the conductive electrodes provokes a decrease in the displacement by approximately 25–30%, as the wafer structure becomes stiffer. To ensure the minimum displacement generated by the haptic device above 2 µm, the piezoelectric coating is screen-printed by two stacked layers, electrically connected in parallel. This architecture is expected to boost the displacement amplitude under the same electric field (denoted E) subjected to the single-layered coating. Accordingly, multilayered design seems to be a good alternative to enhance the haptic performance while keeping moderate values of E so as to prevent any undesired electrical breakdown of the coating. Practical characterizations confirmed that E=20 V/μm is sufficient to generate feedback vibrations (under a maximum input load of 5 N) perceived by the fingertip. This result confirms the reliability of the proposed haptic device, despite discrepancies between the predicted theory and the real measurements. Lastly, a demonstrator comprising piezoelectric buttons together with electronic command and conditioning circuits are successfully developed, offering an efficient way to create multiple sensations for the user. On the basis of empirical data acquired from several trials conducted on 20 subjects, statistical analyses together with relevant numerical indicators were implemented to better assess the performance of the developed haptic device.

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): Materials with a higher

are stiffer and more resistant to deformation under load, while those with a lower

are more flexible and, thus, more easily stressed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haptic Feedback Device Using 3D-Printed Flexible, Multilayered Piezoelectric Coating for In-Car Touchscreen Interface

Nguyen,

Oliva-Torres,

Bernadet

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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“…The optimized LNO bottom electrode was used to prepare the PZT film via a conventional sol-gel method. Spin-coating and crystallization were performed twice, as for the standard thickness for thick films [29]. The PZT thick films deposited on the LNO-coated F-mica substrate are highly flexible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of a LaNiO3 Bottom Electrode for Flexible Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Film-Based Ferroelectric Random Access Memory Applications

Choi,

Ahn,

Hong

et al. 2023

Crystals

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The direct growth of ferroelectric films onto flexible substrates has garnered significant interest in the advancement of portable and wearable electronic devices. However, the search for an optimized bottom electrode that can provide a large and stable remnant polarization is still ongoing. In this study, we report the optimization of an oxide-based LaNiO3 (LNO) electrode for high-quality Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) thick films. The surface morphology and electrical conductivity of sol-gel-grown LNO films on a fluorophlogopite mica (F-mica) substrate were optimized at a crystallization temperature of 800 °C and a film thickness of 120 nm. Our approach represents the promising potential pairing between PZT and LNO electrodes. While LNO-coated F-mica maintains stable electrical conductivity during 1.0%-strain and 104-bending cycles, the upper PZT films exhibit a nearly square-like polarization–electric field behavior under those stress conditions. After 104 cycles at 0.5% strain, the remnant polarization shows decreases as small as ~14%. Under flat (bent) conditions, the value decreases to just 81% (49%) after 1010 fatigue cycles and to 96% (85%) after 105 s of a retention test, respectively.

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“…These actuators are typically based on electromagnetic principles. Within this category, two extensively utilized types are eccentric rotary mass (ERM) and linear resonant actuators (LRAs) [9]- [12].…”

Section: A Vibrotactile Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumatically Controlled Wearable Tactile Actuator for Multi-Modal Haptic Feedback

Raza,

Hassan,

Jeon

2024

IEEE Access

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This paper introduces a wearable pneumatic actuator, designed for providing multiple types of tactile feedback using a single end-effector. To this end, the actuator combines a 3D-printed framework consisting of five 0.5 DOF soft silicon air cells with a pneumatic system to deliver a range of tactile sensations through a single end-effector. The actuator is capable of producing diverse haptic feedback, including vibration, pressure, impact, and lateral force, controlled by an array of solenoid valves. The design's focus on multimodality in a compact and lightweight form factor makes it highly suitable for wearable applications. It can produce a maximum static force of 8.3 N, vibrations with an acceleration of up to 3.15 g, and lateral forces of up to 3.3 N. The efficacy of the actuator is demonstrated through two distinct user studies: one focusing on perception, where users differentiated between lateral cues and vibration frequencies, and another within a first-person shooter gaming scenario, revealing enhanced user engagement and experience. The actuator's adaptability to body sites and rich multimodal haptic feedback enables it to find applications in virtual reality, gaming, training simulations, and more.

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Electromechanical Actuators for Haptic Feedback with Fingertip Contact

Cited by 7 publications

References 149 publications

Haptic Feedback Device Using 3D-Printed Flexible, Multilayered Piezoelectric Coating for In-Car Touchscreen Interface

Haptic Feedback Device Using 3D-Printed Flexible, Multilayered Piezoelectric Coating for In-Car Touchscreen Interface

Optimization of a LaNiO3 Bottom Electrode for Flexible Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Film-Based Ferroelectric Random Access Memory Applications

Pneumatically Controlled Wearable Tactile Actuator for Multi-Modal Haptic Feedback

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