Electromagnetically induced transparency based Rydberg-atom sensor for quantum voltage measurements

Holloway, Christopher L.; Prajapati, Nikunjkumar; Kitching, John; Sherman, Jeffrey A.; Teale, Carson; Rüfenacht, Alain; Artusio‐Glimpse, Alexandra B.; Simons, Matthew T.; Robinson, Amy K.; Norrgard, Eric

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2110.02335

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Hence, the (quasistatic) DC quadratic Stark effect of low-ℓ atomic states requires the length-gauge form of the EDTMs, (even at low ℓ), whereas interactions with microwave electric fields involving the same low-ℓ states require the velocity-gauge form. This difference may become relevant in precision measurements of resonant AC versus DC electric fields as well as applications of Rydberg atoms in defining voltage standards [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gauge effects in bound-bound Rydberg-transition matrix elements

Duspayev,

Raithel

2021

Preprint

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Accurate data on electric-dipole transition matrix elements (EDTMs) for bound-bound Rydbergatom transitions become increasingly important in science and technology. Here we compute radial EDTMs of rubidium using the length, velocity and acceleration gauges for electric-dipole-allowed transitions between states with principal and angular-momentum quantum numbers ranging from 15 to 100. Wave-functions are computed based upon model potentials from Marinescu et al., Phys. Rev. A 49, 982 (1994). Length-gauge EDTMs, often used for low-ℓ transitions, are found to deviate from the fundamentally more accurate velocity-gauge EDTMs by relative amounts of up to ∼ 10 −3 . We discuss the physical reasons for the observed gauge differences, explain the conditions for applicability of the velocity and length gauges for different transition series, and present a decision tree of how to choose EDTMs. Implications for contemporary Rydberg-atom applications are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gauge effects in bound-bound Rydberg-transition matrix elements

Duspayev,

Raithel

2021

Preprint

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“…In conjunction with transparency, a rapid change of refractive index is also produced, which is the core of slow and stored light experiments [14,15] aiming at quantum memory. Other applications of EIT include electromagnetic field sensing [16][17][18][19] and atomic clocks [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent Optical Processes on Cs D$_2$ line Magnetically Induced Transitions

Sargsyan,

Amiryan,

Tonoyan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The increased spectral resolution allowed by the use of extremely thin vapor cells has led to the observation of interesting behaviour of alkali transitions when placed in a magnetic field. Particularly, transitions obeying an apparent F e − F g ≡ ∆F = ±2 selection rule, referred to as magneticallyinduced (MI) transitions, have their probabilities largely increase in the intermediate interaction regime while being null at zero and higher magnetic fields. With an 800 nm-thick Cs vapor cell placed in a field up to 1.5 kG, we show here that the generation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), realized in Λ-systems involving ∆F = −2 MI transitions, is only possible when both the coupling and probe beams are σ − -circular polarized, demonstrating that EIT is affected by magnetic circular dichroism. A similar rule of thumb can be extrapolated for ∆F = +2 MI transitions and σ + polarization. Because of the high frequency shift slope (typ. 4 MHz/G), the generation of EIT resonances involving MI transitions is interesting, especially in the context of growing attention towards micro-machined alkali vapor cell sensors.

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“…These sensors now have the capability of measuring the amplitude 2-10 , polarization 11,12 , and phase [13][14][15] of the RF field, and various applications are beginning to emerge. These include E-field probes traceable to the International System of units (SI) 4,5,9 , power-sensors 16 , spectrum analyzers 17 , voltage standards 18 , angle-of-arrival detection 19 , and receivers for communication signals (AM/FM modulated and digital phase modulation signals) [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rydberg atom-based field sensing enhancement using a split-ring resonator

Holloway,

Prajapati,

Artusio-Glimpse

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We investigate the use of a split-ring resonator (SRR) incorporated with an atomic-vapor cell to improve the sensitivity and the minimal detectable electric (E) field of Rydberg atom-based sensors. In this approach, a sub-wavelength SRR is placed around an atomic vapor-cell filled with cesium atoms for E-field measurements at 1.3 GHz. The SRR provides a factor of 100 in the enhancement of the E-field measurement sensitivity. Using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with Aulter-Townes splitting, E-field measurements down to 5 mV/m are demonstrated with the SRR, while in the absence of the SRR, the minimal detectable field is 500 mV/m. We demonstrate that by combining EIT with a heterodyne Rydberg atom-based mixer approach, the SRR allows for the a sensitivity of 5.5 µV/m √ Hz, which is two-orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity than when the SRR is not used. FIG. 1. Vapor cell place inside the split-ring resonator (SRR). The insert shows the dimension of the SRR.

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Electromagnetically induced transparency based Rydberg-atom sensor for quantum voltage measurements

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

Gauge effects in bound-bound Rydberg-transition matrix elements

Gauge effects in bound-bound Rydberg-transition matrix elements

Coherent Optical Processes on Cs D$_2$ line Magnetically Induced Transitions

Rydberg atom-based field sensing enhancement using a split-ring resonator

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