Electromagnetic wave-absorbing performance of carbons, carbides, oxides, ferrites and sulfides: review and perspective

Abstract

The development of electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials (EMWAMs) offers a promising way to address the ever-increasing issue of electromagnetic pollution. Up to now, significant efforts have been made to explore superior EMWAMs featuring strong absorption intensity, broad bandwidth, low density, and small thicknesses as well as those with exceptional performance. Therefore, in this paper, we offer a a comprehensive review summarizing the recent inspiring advancements in various EMWAMs, including those based on carbon, carbides, oxides, ferrites and sulfides. We begin by presenting diverse lossy materials, such as dielectric loss materials, magnetic loss materials and dielectric/magnetic loss materials. In parallel, we discuss the current difficulties with the materials themselves and the corresponding composite strategies for incorporating other dielectric or magnetic components. Finally, we outline the primary problems and bottlenecks, and more importantly, the prospective research directions of these materials. Overall, this work will present a brief but systematic overview of up-to-date progress in the EMW attenuation abilities of various EMWAMs.

Dielectric Loss Mechanism in Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Materials

“…Though plentiful excellent reviews have been reported to introduce the advances of EM wave absorbing materials, [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ] they mainly focus on introducing EM wave loss materials on basis of material categories, such as carbon materials, [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ] MOFs deprived materials, [ 49 , 50 , 51 ] boron nitride, [ 52 ] conducting polymers, [ 53 , 54 ] ferrites, [ 55 , 56 , 57 ] sulfides, [ 58 ] and MXene [ 59 , 60 , 61 ] or design of peculiar micro/nanostructure. [ 62 ] As far as we know, the topic that lies on EM wave loss mechanisms and models has been rarely reported.…”

Enhancing the Low/Middle‐Frequency Electromagnetic Wave Absorption of Metal Sulfides through F− Regulation Engineering

“…Consequently, optimized multiple-component construction was expected to cause significant changes in the number and distribution of heterointerfaces. [36,37] Thus, the redistribution and accumulation of charges in these interfaces would be promoted and result in enhanced interfacial polarization. [38,39] More significantly, the anion exchange reaction between F − and the other anions could cause a drastic dislocation in atoms during the new phase formation process.…”

Architecting functionalized carbon microtube/carrollite nanocomposite demonstrating significant microwave characteristics

“…Noteworthy, biomass-derived materials have emerged as light-weight, low-cost, and green microwave absorbers, which their fascinating microwave characteristics are originated from their dielectric and conductive properties 29 , 34 . Nowadays, apart from carbon-based structures, various structures including transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived materials, nanostructured metals and oxides, as well as other conductive polymers comprising polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and polydopamine were enormously used as microwave absorbing materials 35 – 44 . It should be noted that the cobalt-based spinel oxides have exhibited salient microwave absorbing features meanwhile the sulfide nanostructures have recently intrigued a great deal of interest due to their considerable relaxation loss features, generated by their narrow energy band gaps 45 – 47 .…”