Electromagnetic–Triboelectric Hybridized Nanogenerators

Abstract

Since the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was invented, it has received extensive attention from researchers. Among the many pieces of research based on TENG, the research of hybridized generators is progressing rapidly. In recent years, the research and application of the electromagnetic–triboelectric hybridized nanogenerator (EMG-TENG) have made great progress. This review mainly focuses on the latest research development of EMG-TENG and elaborates on the principles, materials, structure, and applications of EMG-TENG. In this paper, the microscopic charge transfer mechanism of TENG is explained by the most primitive friction electrification phenomenon and electrostatic induction phenomenon. The commonly used materials for fabricating TENG and the selection and modification methods of the materials are introduced. According to the difference in structure, EMG-TENG is divided into two categories: vibratory EMG-TENG and rotating EMG-TENG. The summary explains the application of EMG-TENG, including the energy supply and self-powered system of small electronic devices, EMG-TENG as a sensor, and EMG-TENG in wearable devices. Finally, based on summarizing previous studies, the author puts forward new views on the development direction of EMG-TENG.

Applications of Triboelectric Nanogenerators in Bone Tissue Engineering

“…Other modes or combinations can be further investigated to create more effective TENGs. Several studies utilized other electricity harvesting modalities to equip the existing TENGs with the piezoelectric ability, [82][83][84] rotation movement, [85][86][87] electromagnetic ability, [88][89][90] and even other forms of energy [91][92][93][94] to form hybridized TENGs for better performance.…”

Triboelectric nanogenerators for smart agriculture

“…[124][125][126][127][128] As a promising technology for mechanical energy harvesting, TENG has several advantages over traditional EMG, such as small size, light weight, low manufacturing cost, diverse structure, high power density, and high efficiency. [129][130][131] The output power of EMG is proportional to the square of the frequency, while that of TENG is proportional to frequency. [131][132][133][134][135] Therefore, the output power of TENG is much higher than EMG at low frequency.…”

“…What is essential is that TENG technology provides a span‐new approach to the energy supply of IoT in the new network era 124–128 . As a promising technology for mechanical energy harvesting, TENG has several advantages over traditional EMG, such as small size, light weight, low manufacturing cost, diverse structure, high power density, and high efficiency 129–131 . The output power of EMG is proportional to the square of the frequency, while that of TENG is proportional to frequency 131–135 .…”

Wireless Deep Brain Stimulation by Ultrasound-Responsive Molecular Piezoelectric Nanogenerators

“…Therefore, the research field of implantable electrical stimulation devices with a wireless power supply or self-power supply technology is rapidly developing. Piezoelectric or triboelectric nanogenerators that are capable of being implanted in soft tissues to harvest energy from mechanical pressure, including body motion and even slight movements of human organs, have been developed as battery-free pacemakers and neurostimulators. − For example, Wang et al conducted a study investigating the potential of implantable triboelectric nanogenerators for regulating food intake in the treatment of obesity through vagus nerve stimulation. Their nanogenerators have the ability to convert gastric movement into electrical charges, which can directly stimulate the vagus nerves …”