Electromagnetic Nonreciprocity

Caloz, Christophe; Alù, Andrea; Tretyakov, Sergei; Sounas, Dimitrios L.; Achouri, Karim; Deck-Léger, Zoé-Lise

doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.10.047001

Cited by 483 publications

(375 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Apart from the naturally existing examples given above, there exists a huge range of artificially designed metamaterials with/without bias fields/currents that can effectively provide any combination of these material types [62,63]. It is well-known that such a bianisotropic material is reciprocal [69] when e e m m…”

Section: Universal Behavior Of Ptps and Pphcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal spin photonics in the near-field of nonreciprocal media

Khandekar

Jacob

2019

New J. Phys.

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The interplay of spin angular momentum and thermal radiation is a frontier area of interest to nanophotonics as well as topological physics. Here, we show that a thick planar slab of a nonreciprocal material, despite being at thermal equilibrium with its environment, can exhibit nonzero photon spin angular momentum and nonzero radiative heat flux in its vicinity. We identify them as the persistent thermal photon spin and the persistent planar heat current respectively. With a practical example system, we reveal that the fundamental origin of these phenomena is connected to the spinmomentum locking of thermally excited evanescent waves. We also discover spin magnetic moment of surface polaritons that further clarifies these features. We then propose an imaging experiment based on Brownian motion that allows one to witness these surprising features by directly looking at them using a lab microscope. We further demonstrate the universal behavior of these near-field thermal radiation phenomena through a comprehensive analysis of gyroelectric, gyromagnetic and magneto-electric nonreciprocal materials. Together, these results expose a surprisingly little explored research area of thermal spin photonics with prospects for new avenues related to non-Hermitian topological photonics and radiative heat transport.

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Section: Universal Behavior Of Ptps and Pphcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal spin photonics in the near-field of nonreciprocal media

Khandekar

Jacob

2019

New J. Phys.

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“…As a next step, we proceed to show how reciprocity is manifested during scattering processes. This principle is applicable to reciprocal scattering bodies: their permittivity and permeability tensors are symmetric; or equivalently there are no magneto-optical effects, nonlinearity or temporal modulations [37,38]. A recent study confirms that reciprocity is directly incarnated into extinction invariance for scattering bodies of arbitrary shapes, as long as the incident waves are of the same handedness and opposite k [39].…”

Section: B Extinction Invariance Induced By Reciprocitymentioning

confidence: 88%

Scattering activities bounded by reciprocity and parity conservation

Chen

Yang

Chen

et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. Research

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Scattering activities are generally manifest through different optical responses of scattering bodies to circularly polarized light of opposite handedness. Similar to the ubiquitous roles played by scattering theory across different branches of photonics, scattering activities can serve as a fundamental concept to clarify underlying mechanisms of various chiroptical effects, both within and beyond scattering systems. In this work we investigate scattering activities for reciprocal systems that exhibit various geometric symmetries but are intrinsically achiral. We reveal how scattering activities are generally bounded by reciprocity and parity conservation, demonstrating that though extinction activity is usually eliminated by symmetry, scattering activities in forms of distinct absorptions, scatterings or angular scattering patterns can more widely emerge. Since our analyses are solely based on fundamental laws of reciprocity and parity conservation, regardless of geometric and optical parameters of the scattering systems studied, the principles revealed are generically applicable. The intuitive and pictorial framework we have established is beyond any specific coupling models, able to reveal hidden connections between seemingly unrelated chiral manifestations, and thus more accessible for a unified understanding of various chiroptical effects.

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“…Non-reciprocal microwave devices are ubiquitous and important in the classical and quantum information processing, as they protect delicate measurements from reflected signals [1]. The non-reciprocal effect arises from broken time-reversal symmetry, traditionally realized with ferrite materials [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those approaches, albeit being non-magnetic, typically require strict phase matching condition and have limited tunability [5-7, 9, 10], with added complexity in experimental implementations. Nowadays, due to the high demand in sensitive microwave signal detections, especially at singlephoton level for superconducting quantum circuits, lowloss, tunable, and compact electromagnetic circulator devices are of great interest [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnon-photon strong coupling for tunable microwave circulators

et al. 2020

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We present a generic theoretical framework to describe non-reciprocal microwave circulation in a multimode cavity magnonic system and assess the optimal performance of practical circulator devices. We show that high isolation (> 56 dB), extremely low insertion loss (< 0.05 dB), and flexible bandwidth control can be potentially realized in high-quality-factor superconducting cavity based magnonic platforms. These circulation characteristics are analyzed with materials of different spin densities. For high-spin-density materials such as yttrium iron garnet, strong coupling operation regime can be harnessed to obtain a broader circulation bandwidth. We also provide practical design principles for a highly integratible low-spin-density material (vanadium tetracyanoethylene) for narrow-band circulator operation, which could benefit noise-sensitive quantum microwave measurements. This theory can be extended to other coupled systems and provide design guidelines for achieving tunable microwave non-reciprocity for both classical and quantum applications.

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Electromagnetic Nonreciprocity

Cited by 483 publications

References 137 publications

Thermal spin photonics in the near-field of nonreciprocal media

Thermal spin photonics in the near-field of nonreciprocal media

Scattering activities bounded by reciprocity and parity conservation

Magnon-photon strong coupling for tunable microwave circulators

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