“…In this study, we did not compare 3D-CT with other 3D visual methods, such as Dyna-CT and neuronavigation, because the devices for these imaging techniques were not available in either of the participating centers. Although 3D-CT can provide only semi-real-time guidance, the high success rate of FO puncture was significantly different from the rates in previous reports, which stated that only 18% of neurosurgeons in training felt they would be able to perform the FO cannulation independently and FO cannulation with x-ray imaging alone could have a failure rate as high as 15%, indicating that correction of the needle after a CT scan facilitated FO puncture [ 12 , 25 ]. The results concerning puncture were in accordance with previous studies on spiral CT-assisted radiofrequency treatment for TN [ 18 , 22 ].…”