“…Generally, most cable manufacturers take the relative permeability of 300 (Moore 1997;SAOG). The larger relative permeability of steel armour is, the lower magnetic field outside the cable (Lucca 2016). In addition, the larger the relative permeability of steel armour, the larger is the induced current density due to high intensification of magnetic field inside the highly permeable material and consequently reducing it in the neighbouring regions.…”
Section: Relative Permeability Of Armour Layermentioning
This paper presents a finite element simulation by COMSOL Multiphysics package to investigate the temperature distribution inside three-phase, three-core, 33 kV underground power cables (UGC) through a coupled electromagnetic-thermal modelling. The simulations are very controlled and fine realistic details can be added to the model such as the temperature conductivity dependence of any metallic layer and armour permeability. Distributions of magnetic field, current density, resistive losses and temperature inside UGC different layers are calculated at different operating conditions. The exponential increase in conductor temperature with increasing the conductor current limits the single-phasing operation of such cables. Therefore, they must be derated, otherwise their lifetime will be reduced exponentially. Finally, the effect of current harmonics on the temperature distribution inside the insulation material and hence its lifetime is calculated using MATLAB. It is found that higher steady-state conductor temperatures are expected for cables with larger conductor cross-sectional areas, using aluminium core rather than copper, or using 6-pulse rectifiers rather than a higher pulse types.
“…Generally, most cable manufacturers take the relative permeability of 300 (Moore 1997;SAOG). The larger relative permeability of steel armour is, the lower magnetic field outside the cable (Lucca 2016). In addition, the larger the relative permeability of steel armour, the larger is the induced current density due to high intensification of magnetic field inside the highly permeable material and consequently reducing it in the neighbouring regions.…”
Section: Relative Permeability Of Armour Layermentioning
This paper presents a finite element simulation by COMSOL Multiphysics package to investigate the temperature distribution inside three-phase, three-core, 33 kV underground power cables (UGC) through a coupled electromagnetic-thermal modelling. The simulations are very controlled and fine realistic details can be added to the model such as the temperature conductivity dependence of any metallic layer and armour permeability. Distributions of magnetic field, current density, resistive losses and temperature inside UGC different layers are calculated at different operating conditions. The exponential increase in conductor temperature with increasing the conductor current limits the single-phasing operation of such cables. Therefore, they must be derated, otherwise their lifetime will be reduced exponentially. Finally, the effect of current harmonics on the temperature distribution inside the insulation material and hence its lifetime is calculated using MATLAB. It is found that higher steady-state conductor temperatures are expected for cables with larger conductor cross-sectional areas, using aluminium core rather than copper, or using 6-pulse rectifiers rather than a higher pulse types.
“…On the other hand, the adverse effects of the magnetic field produced by the underground transmission lines on the human health and electromagnetic interface with electronic devices are taken into consideration in recent years. Mitigation of magnetic field can be achieved by using ferromagnetic shields and phase ordering of the cables which is more convenience than the other [1,2]. Moreover, all of the parameters can be affected by grounding system.…”
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