Electromagnetic forward-scattering measurements over a known, controlled sea surface at grazing

Smith, J.R.; Russell, Stuart; Brown, B.E.; Haldeman, P. M.; Hayden, D.D.; Morgan, Daniel G.; Pierce, Robert D.; Shan, Jie; Stephens, W.T.; Mirotznik, Mark S.

doi:10.1109/tgrs.2004.826783

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…However, there is rather limited amount of research on experimental observation of radar scattering at low grazing angles [13,[19][20][21][22][23]. During the mid-1950s, several propagation experiments were conducted across the Golden Gate in San Francisco [13,19,20] where sea wave spectral analysis and radio spectra in X-band were estimated for different grazing angles starting as small as 0.6°.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the experimental study in [21], the propagation characteristics of X-band continuous wave (CW) over a surface of artificially generated gravity waves in an indoor wave tank were thoroughly investigated. In this study, the waves were scaled to be 1/10th of the actual significant wave height for a given sea state and due to the generation method (no wind effects), no capillary waves were generated on the surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measured forward‐scatter sea clutter at near‐zero grazing angle: analysis of spectral and statistical properties

Gashinova

Kabakchiev

Daniel

et al. 2014

IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation

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To develop forward-scatter radar (FSR) systems for use in maritime applications, a fundamental understanding of the operating environment is required. Currently, there is a lack of published experimental FSR sea clutter data at very low (near-zero) grazing angle over the sea. This data is necessary for the development of FSR systems for maritime applications. Therefore to facilitate further investigation, clutter data for such a system has been recorded at frequencies of 7.5 and 24 GHz with static, medium gain antennas for low sea states 1-3 on the Douglas scale. Analysis of forward scatter propagation phenomena is presented, and spectral and statistical analysis of forward-scatter clutter is performed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measured forward‐scatter sea clutter at near‐zero grazing angle: analysis of spectral and statistical properties

Gashinova

Kabakchiev

Daniel

et al. 2014

IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation

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“…The wind direction which also influences the propagation over rough sea [31] as well as other mechanisms responsible for the sea roughness are not accounted for in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation Factor and Path Loss Simulation Results for Two Rough Surface Reflection Coefficients Applied to the Microwave Ducting Propagation Over the Sea

Sirkova

2011

PIER M

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Abstract-The performance assessment of maritime microwave communications and radar systems requires accounting simultaneously for the non-homogeneous propagation medium over the sea and the rough sea surface scattering. The tropospheric ducting, specific for over water propagation, is one of the most difficult to treat propagation mechanisms. The proposed work combines a recently published in the literature phase correction, responsible for the shadowing effects, to the Ament rough surface reflection coefficient and the Parabolic Equation method (as implemented in the Advanced Propagation Model) to simulate the microwave propagation over the sea under evaporation duct conditions. Propagation factor and path loss results calculated for phase-corrected Ament, non-phase-corrected Ament and the other widely used, Miller-Brown, rough surface reflection coefficient are compared and discussed. The main effects from the accounting of the shadowing result in the shift of the interference minima and maxima of the propagation factor, changes in the path loss pattern and destruction of the trapping property of the duct.

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“…Now more and more RF and microwave MEMS devices are connected with the diffraction by their moving parts, a lot of them are periodic, that poses the problem of diffraction by moving periodic structure. This unique diffraction problem is also significant in other applications (Smith et al 2004). Since so far most of the effort has been directed toward the analysis of diffraction from moving objects non-periodic, or at most, from one surrounded by a stationary periodic structure (Freni et al 1996) whereas little work has been done with respect to moving periodic (MP) structure, here we report our special treatment and the diffraction anomalies dependence of the motion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Diffraction anomalies in moving periodic structure

Dong

2007

Opt Quant Electron

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Electromagnetic forward-scattering measurements over a known, controlled sea surface at grazing

Cited by 22 publications

References 1 publication

Measured forward‐scatter sea clutter at near‐zero grazing angle: analysis of spectral and statistical properties

Measured forward‐scatter sea clutter at near‐zero grazing angle: analysis of spectral and statistical properties

Propagation Factor and Path Loss Simulation Results for Two Rough Surface Reflection Coefficients Applied to the Microwave Ducting Propagation Over the Sea

Diffraction anomalies in moving periodic structure

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