Electromagnetic form factors of the proton at squared four-momentum transfers between 10 and 50 fm−2

Berger, Ch.; Burkert, Volker; Knop, G.; Langenbeck, B.; Rith, Klaus

doi:10.1016/0370-2693(71)90448-5

Cited by 177 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Figure 4 shows Rosenbluth separation results performed in the 1970's as the ratio G Ep /G D , where G D is the dipole FF given below by Eq. 14; it is noteworthy that these results strongly suggest a decrease of G Ep with increasing Q 2 , a fact noted in all four references [Ber71,Pri71,Bar73,Han73]. As will be seen in section 3.4, the slope of this decrease is about half the one found in recent recoil polarization experiments.…”

Section: Rosenbluth Form Factor Separation Methodssupporting

confidence: 68%

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Nucleon electromagnetic form factors

Perdrisat

Punjabi

Vanderhaeghen

2007

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

470

583

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There has been much activity in the measurement of the elastic electromagnetic proton and neutron form factors in the last decade, and the quality of the data has been greatly improved by performing double polarization experiments, in comparison with previous unpolarized data. Here we review the experimental data base in view of the new results for the proton, and neutron, obtained at MIT-Bates, MAMI, and JLab. The rapid evolution of phenomenological models triggered by these high-precision experiments will be discussed, including the recent progress in the determination of the valence quark generalized parton distributions of the nucleon, as well as the steady rate of improvements made in the lattice QCD calculations.

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Section: Rosenbluth Form Factor Separation Methodssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…In early versions of the Rosenbluth separation method for the proton, a correspondingly defined reduced cross section was plotted either as a function of cot 2 θe 2 [Han63,Wil64] or cos θ e [Ber71]. For example in [Han63], the function R(Q 2 , θ e ) = G 2 …”

Section: Rosenbluth Form Factor Separation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleon electromagnetic form factors

Perdrisat

Punjabi

Vanderhaeghen

2007

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

470

583

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“…We recently extracted the proton form factors and the TPE correction a(Q 2 ) for large Q 2 values [7,11] using the world data on σ R from Refs. [33,34,[43][44][45][46][47][48]. The form factors were extracted based on the parametrization from Borisyuk and Kobushkin (BK parametrization) [32], where σ R is expressed in the following form…”

Section: Extraction Of the Form Factors And Tpementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At low Q 2 , this corresponds to only a small difference in the cross section at large scattering angle, but for the larger Q 2 values of the Mainz experiment, this corresponds to a significant difference in the measured cross sections. Note that except for the Bernauer result, most of the previous phenomenological extractions of the form factors and TPE contributions were focused on large [33,34,37,[43][44][45][46][47][48] (open dark-green circles). In addition, we compare our results to extractions from several previous TPE calculations and phenomenological fits: AMT [63] (solid blue line), VAMZ [65] (solid magenta line), Kelly [66] (short-dashed black line), Lomon-GK [67] (dotted black line), ABGG [68] (dashed-dotted black line), Bernauer [37] (longdashed red line), Arrington Y2γ [29] (dashed-dotted magenta line), and Puckett (large-dotted blue line) (the fit labeled "new" in Ref.…”

Section: A Form Factors and Tpe Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At high-Q 2 values, the TPE term is consistent with our previous extraction and shows an increase in magnitude with in- The TPE term a(Q 2 ) as obtained using the BK parametrization from the data of Refs. [33,34,37,[43][44][45][46][47][48] (open black circles). Also shown are a simple parameterization of our results (solid red line) and curves representing a(Q 2 ) as determined in previous analyses from Refs.…”

Section: A Form Factors and Tpe Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flavor decomposition of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors at lowQ2

2015

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Background The spatial distribution of charge and magnetization within the proton is encoded in the elastic form factors.These have been precisely measured in elastic electron scattering, and the combination of proton and neutron form factors allows for the separation of the up-and down-quark contributions.Purpose In this work, we extract the proton and neutron form factors from world's data with an emphasis on precise new data covering the low-momentum region, which is sensitive to the large-scale structure of the nucleon. From these, we separate the up-and down-quark contributions to the proton form factors.Method We combine cross section and polarization measurements of elastic electron-proton scattering to separate the proton form factors and two-photon exchange (TPE) contributions. We combine the proton form factors with parameterization of the neutron form factor data and uncertainties to separate the up-and down-quark contributions to the proton's charge and magnetic form factors.Results The extracted TPE corrections are compared to previous phenomenological extractions, TPE calculations, and direct measurements from the comparison of electron and positron scattering. The flavor-separated form factors are extracted and compared to models of the nucleon structure.Conclusions With the inclusion of the precise new data, the extracted TPE contributions show a clear change of sign at low Q 2 , necessary to explain the high-Q 2 form factor discrepancy while being consistent with the known Q 2 → 0 limit. We find that the new Mainz data yield a significantly different result for the proton magnetic form factor and its flavorseparated contributions. We also observe that the RMS radius of both the up-and down-quark distributions are smaller than the RMS charge radius of the proton.

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Generalized parton distributions, nucleon form factors, and large-t processes

Vanderhaeghen

2004

Ann. Phys.

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The connection of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) to processes at large momentum transfer (high-t), and the links between GPDs and elastic nucleon form factors are discussed here. These links, in the form of sum rules, represent powerful constraints on parametrizations of GPDs. A Regge parametrization for the GPDs at small-t, which is surprisingly observed from the chiral quark soliton model results, is extended to the large-t region and it is found to catch the basic features of proton and neutron electromagnetic form factor data. It is furthermore discussed how these GPDs at large-t enter into two-photon exchange processes and resolve the discrepancy between Rosenbluth and polarization experiments of elastic electron nucleon scattering.

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Electromagnetic form factors of the proton at squared four-momentum transfers between 10 and 50 fm−2

Cited by 177 publications

References 24 publications

Nucleon electromagnetic form factors

Nucleon electromagnetic form factors

Flavor decomposition of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors at lowQ2

Generalized parton distributions, nucleon form factors, and large-t processes

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